暗纹东方鲀饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的营养生理效应及其与大豆抗原蛋白的相关性

Nutritional physiological effects of soybean meal substituting for fish meal in the feed of obscure puffer(Takifugu fasciatus) and its relationship with soybean antigenic proteins

选择体质量为(39.84±3.09)g暗纹东方鲀,分为8组,分别饲喂等氮等能的高鱼粉组、低鱼粉组、低鱼粉发酵豆粕组、低鱼粉豆粕组4组实用饲料和添加大豆抗原蛋白的半纯化饲料(大豆抗原蛋白含量分别为0%、5%、8%和12.5%),进行为期两个月的生长实验,探讨大豆抗原蛋白对暗纹东方鲀生长和生理生化的影响。结果显示,用发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉发酵豆粕组生长性能显著优于低鱼粉组,用豆粕替代部分鱼粉的低鱼粉豆粕组与低鱼粉组无显著差异。半纯化饲料中随着大豆抗原蛋白含量增加,生长率呈现先增后降趋势;实用饲料和半纯化饲料对肌肉组成有不同程度的影响;在肝脏丙二醛、总抗氧化能力和血清丙二醛指标中,低鱼粉豆粕组显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组则与低鱼粉组无显著性差异,半纯化饲料系列在8%组出现峰值,显著高于其他组。低鱼粉豆粕组血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于低鱼粉组,低鱼粉发酵豆粕组与低鱼粉组相比无显著性差异,半纯化饲料组谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶呈现先增后减趋势。研究表明,与豆粕替代鱼粉相比,用发酵豆粕替代鱼粉更能促进鱼体生长;大豆抗原蛋白是影响豆粕替代鱼粉效果的重要因素,但对生长、抗氧化性能和生理生化指标的影响则因大豆抗原蛋白的含量与单独存在与否而异。

To study the effects of soybean antigenic proteins on growth, physiology and biochemistry in obscure puffer （Takifugufasciatus）, the fish with initial weight （39.84±3.09） g were randomly allocated to 8 groups, fed with 8 isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets which were the practical diets containing high level fish meal （FMH）, low level fish meal （FML）, fermented soybean meal partially replacing fish meal in FML（FMLF）, soybean meal partially replacing fish meal in FML （FMLS） and the semi-purified diets with different levels （0%, 5%, 8% and 12.5%） of soybean antigenic proteins respectively （AP0, AP5, AP8 and AP12.5） for two months. The results showed that the growth performance of FMLF were significantly higher than that of FML, while that in FMLS was not significantly different with FML. The growth of purified diets was increased, followed by decreasing tendency with the level of soybean antigenic protein. The nutritional composition of the muscle was affected by practical feed and semi-purified feed with varying degrees The malondialdehyde （MDA） and total antioxidant capacity （T- AOC） in liver and MDA in serum of soybean meal replacing group were significantly higher than those of FML, but the fermented soybean meal replacing group had no significant difference with the FML. The soybean antigenic proteins level of 8% of purified diets had the peak value in antioxidant capacity that were significantly higher than all the other groups. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase （AST） of FMLS in serum was significantly higher than the FML and AST of the FMLF had no significant difference with the FML, while the AST and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （ALT） of purified diets were fluctuated with the level of soybean antigenic protein. Above results indicated that fish meal partially substituted by fermented soybean meal could promote the growth of obscure puffer compared to soybean meal partially replacing fish meal. Soybean antigenic protein was an important factor affecting the effects of fish meal replacement with soybean meal. The influence of soybean antigenic protein on growth, oxidation resistance and biochemical indexes varied with its content, existence state, alone or in combination with other anti-nutritional factors in diet.