中国主要马铃薯栽培品种抗寒性的鉴定与评价

Identification and evaluation of the freezing tolerance of major potato varieties in China

以抗寒能力较强的马铃薯野生种Solanum acaule材料03079-431为对照,采用室内电导率法对115个马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种进行了抗寒性鉴定,评价了我国主要马铃薯栽培品种的抗寒能力。115个马铃薯品种冷驯化前的半致死温度(LT_(50))介于-1.0^-4.1°C之间,85.3%的品种LT_(50)高于-3°C,其中,‘晋薯2号’、‘克新2号’、‘郑薯5号’和‘郑薯6号’的LT_(50)低于-3.5°C,具有较强的抗寒能力。依据抗寒能力聚类分析,将115个供试品种分为低温敏感型、中抗寒型、抗寒型3类,分别占供试材料的29.6%、55.7%和14.7%。通过田间自然霜冻法进行相关分析验证,结果显示:自然霜冻鉴定结果与LT_(50)测定结果的相关性达极显著水平(P<0.01),相关系数达到0.9287,表明室内鉴定结果真实可信。比较分析部分品种冷驯化前后的LT_(50)发现,各个品种冷驯化前后的LT_(50)变化很小,表明普通栽培种冷驯化能力较弱或无冷驯化能力。

Freezing tolerance of 115 potato varieties were evaluated using Logistic equation based on electro- lyte leakage of detached leaves from plantlets. The results showed that the semi-lethal temperature （LTs0） of va- rieties ranged from -1.0 to -4.1℃, and four varieties of ＇Jinshu 2＇, ＇Kexin 2＇, ＇Zhengshu 5＇ and ＇Zhengshu 6＇ were below -3.5℃, indicating that these varieties were with freezing tolerance. The cluster analysis based on values of their LTs0 revealed that I 15 varieties were divided into 3 groups of freezing sensitivity, medium freez- ing tolerance, and freezing tolerance, accounting for 29.6%, 55.7% and 14.7%, respectively. The experimental results were further verified by the results of frosting identification in field. The LTso values of the experimental varieties were highly significantly correlated to the result of the field freezing （P〈0.01）, and the correlation co- efficient reached 0.9287. Comparative analysis showed that varieties had hardly cold acclimation capacity.