高钙镁离子地下水滴灌施肥系统堵塞效应

Clogging risk and combined effect of fertigation system in groundwater containing high content of Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+)

为了分析高钙镁离子地下水滴灌条件下施肥系统堵塞风险及综合影响效应,开展了大田春玉米田间滴灌试验.选择地下水和再生水2种灌溉水源,使用圆柱型迷宫流道灌水器和片式灌水器两类灌水器进行试验,并从灌水器堵塞及其对作物生长、产量的影响角度,对比分析了高钙镁离子地下水、再生水滴灌施肥的安全性问题,结果表明:该种高钙镁离子质量浓度(180 mg/L)地下水滴灌施肥比40~60 mg/L的再生水滴灌施肥具有更大的系统安全性问题;高钙镁离子地下水滴灌系统灌溉7次后灌水器相对平均流量Dra降至77.6%,灌水器均匀度CU降至79.9%,比再生水滴灌还低3.0%和5.3%,春玉米植株株高、茎粗、产量及水分利用效率分别比再生水降低7.4%,3.5%,3.7%,3.7%.研究可为合理利用地下水滴灌提供参考.

In order to analyze the clogging risk and combined effect of the fertigation system in the groundwater with high contents of Ca2 ＋ and Mg2 ＋ , the spring maize drip irrigation in the field was ex- perimented. The content of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ in the groundwater is up to 180 mg/L. Two types of irriga- tion water and two types of emitters were chosen. The fertigation security problem of the groundwater with high content of Ca2 ＋ and Mg2 ＋ and the reclaimed water was analyzed. The results show that there was a bigger security problem in fertigation with the groundwater with high content of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ compared with the reclaimed water. After seven times drip irrigation, the Dra and CU in the groundwa- ter decreased to 77.6% , 79.9% respectively, and were 3.0% and 5.3% lower than those in re-claimed water. Owing to the clogging, the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer and the unifor-mity in the groundwater were lower than those in reclaimed water. The plant height, stem diameter, yield and water use efficiency of the spring maize in the groundwater were 7.4% , 3.5% , 3.7% , 3.7% , respectively lower than those in reclaimed water. This research can provide references for rational utili- zation of groundwater in the drip irrigation.