平移式喷灌机组的研制及性能试验

Development and performance test of lateral move irrigation system

针对目前国内外喷灌机组的研究发展趋势,研制了一种新型平移式喷灌机组.该机组采用异形连接机构,实现装置的快速连接、拆卸;采取多跨特殊桁架连接,可以根据地形需求,灵活改变跨数,避免机组的过喷和漏喷现象;桁架的特殊开槽方式,可以根据作物需水要求,灵活改变喷头安装高度与间距,减少喷灌的漂移蒸发损失,提高喷灌的均匀性;搭载的低压折射式喷头,降低了系统工作压力,节省了机组能耗.采用间歇式控制系统,实现机组的自动化作业,满足了现代化农业精准灌溉的要求.对该机组的性能进行试验,结果表明:喷头工作压力在0.07 MPa,安装间距为3 m,高度为1 m时,喷灌均匀性系数达到86.5%,分布均匀性系数达到80.9%.与现有产品相比,该机组易拆卸、适应性广、节水、节能、均匀性高,应用前景可观.

A novel lateral move irrigation system was introduced based on the development trend of sprinkler irrigation system at home and abroad at present. The unit adopted the special connecting to re- alize the fast connection and disassembly of the device. The span number was flexibly changed for avoiding excessive spray and spray leakage phenomena of the unit with more special truss connections according to the terrain demand. The truss was equipped with special slotted manner which could change the nozzle installation height and spacing flexibility according to the crop water requirement. It also could reduce floating and evaporation loss of sprinkler irrigation and improve the sprinkler irriga- tion uniformity. A low-pressure and spray-plate sprinkler nozzle equipped reduced the system pressure and saved energy consumption. The lateral move irrigation system adopted the intermittent control sys- tem to realize automation operation of the unit and fulfilled the requirements of modern farming preci- sion irrigation. By analyzing the performance of the unit, the results show that when the pressure, sprinkler spacing and the height are 0.07 MPa, 3 m and 1 m respectively, the sprinkler irrigation uni- formity coefficient reaches 86.5% and the distribution uniformity coefficient reaches 80.9%. Com- pared with existing products, the unit has the advantages of easy disassembly, extensive adaptability saving, energy saving and high uniformity, so it has considerable prospects of applications.