不同灌溉方式对北京春茬露地生菜的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods of Lettuce of Spring Open Cultivation in Beijing

为了探索适宜于北京春茬露地生菜的灌溉方式,以生菜品种"雷达"为研究对象,设置3个灌溉处理,以常规灌溉为对照,研究不同灌溉方式对生菜生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明:常规灌溉处理的株高和叶片数显著低于微喷带和边缝式滴灌带处理;边缝式滴灌带处理的单方水产出最高,且其植株硝酸盐显著低于微喷带处理,维生素C含量要显著高于微喷带处理和常规灌溉处理,果实营养价值和安全性相对较高。综合考虑植株生长、品质、产量和单方水产出率等要素,边缝式滴灌带相对适宜春茬露地生菜的生产,其产量667m^2达到了2 797kg,单方水产出率达到31.3kg·m^(-3),单方水产出率比微喷带处理和常规处理分别高20.8%和233.0%。试验还得出了春茬露地生菜各生育时期的作物系数,能够为实现春茬露地生菜的高效生产提供一定的参考依据。

To determine the suitable irrigation method of lettuce in Beijing spring open cultivation,lettuce ‘Leida＇ was used as test material,three different treatments were carried out to research the effects on the growth,quality and yield of lettuce based on the conventional irrigation treatment, with normal irrigation as control. The results showed that the plant height and number of leaves of the conventional irrigation treatment were significantly lower than those in the micro-spray and side seam drip irrigation treatments. Compared with the micro-spray method, the nitrate content was lower while vitamin C was higher in side seam drip irrigation treatment, which suggested that the nutritive value and safety of fruit in side seam drip irrigation treatment was more excellent. Although the treatment of side seam drip irrigation yielded the second-highest harvest（2 797 kg per 667 m2 ）,its output of unilateral water was the maximum （31.3 kg · m-3） ,which was 20. 8% and 233. 0% higher than those in micro spray treatment and conventional irrigation treatment. According to the current data, side seam drip irrigation method was more suitable for lettuce in Beijing spring open cultivation. Crop coefficients of lettuce in different growing stages were also calculated in this test.