水产养殖逃逸对长江外来种入侵影响：以鲟鱼为例

Escaped aquacultural species promoted the alien species invasion in the Yangtze River:A case study of sturgeons

水产养殖逃逸有多种途径:直接逃逸为鱼类入侵生态学提供了独特的"天然实验"数据,而民间放生为水产养殖逃逸的主要间接途径,此外还包括观赏渔业的弃养等其他途径。以2016年清江流域外来种鲟鱼逃逸事件为例,探讨了逃逸后对长江外来种入侵影响,包括与土著种——国家一级保护动物中华鲟的竞争排斥、潜在杂交风险和养殖疾病传播等。在此基础上,讨论了通过网箱养殖的陆地工厂化和加强科普宣传使民间放生可能导致的降低生物多样性转化为科学放流的保存甚至提升生物多样性等预防措施,并指明了逃逸发生后续监管的方向,最后展望了水产养殖逃逸对长江外来种入侵影响评估的未来发展方向。

Aquaculture escapes include several pathways. Direct escapes provide us a ＂natural＂ experimental experiment for fish invasion ecology. Indirect escapes are released by local people. An additional escape of agriculture is from the abandonment of ornamental fishery. Taking alien sturgeon escape in Qingjiang River basin in 2016 as an example, we discussed the potential im- pacts of these escapes on Mien species invasion in the Yangtze River, including their hybridiza- tion and competition with native species Acipenser sinensis （ a protected species at national level）, and spread of disease. We conclude that public education on the ecological impacts of indirect re- leases of aquaculture species needs to be strategically emphasized in the region. Meanwhile, sound monitoring programs and controlled releases are also needed to reduce their impacts. This review also pointed out the directions of monitoring and tracking direction after aquaculture es- capes and the prospects of the future development direction of impact assessments of aquaculture escapes on the alien species invasion in the Yangtze River.