酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便菌群和血液指标的影响

Effects of Yeast Culture on Growth Performance, Fecal Microbiota and Blood Profiles in Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、粪便微生物菌群数量和血液指标的影响。选取144头体重为(7.46±0.52)kg、健康的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分配到对照组(饲喂基础日粮)和3个不同添加水平的酵母培养物组(添加量分别为0.25%、0.50%和0.75%),每个处理6个重复(圈),每个重复6头仔猪。试验期为28 d。结果表明:随着日粮中酵母培养物添加量的增加,显著改善了试验结束时仔猪的末重(线性,P<0.05),提高了在试验15~28 d仔猪的平均日增重和采食量(线性,P<0.05)以及在试验全期的日增重和采食量(线性和二次,P<0.05);不同添加水平的酵母培养物组均有效改善了仔猪不同阶段的腹泻发生率,增加了粪便中乳酸杆菌的数量(线性和二次,P<0.05),减少大肠杆菌数(线性,P<0.05);同时,降低了血液中尿素氮的水平(线性,P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加酵母培养物能够显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻发生率,并改善肠道微生态区系和血液生化指标,其中0.50%的添加效果最好。

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of yeast culture on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal microbiota and blood profiles in weaned piglets. A total of 144 Duroc x Landrace x Large White weaned pigs with the average initial weight of （7.46 ± 0.52） kg were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 diets （a control diet and three diets containing 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% yeast culture, respectively） with 6 pens per treatment and 6 pigs per pen. The feeding trail lasted for 28 d. The results showed that increasing supplementation of yeast culture improved the final body weight of weaned piglets at d 28 （linear, P〈0.05）; increased the average daily gain （ADG） and the average feed intake （ADFI） during 15-28 d （linear, P〈0.05）, as well as the ADG and ADFI during the whole trail （linear and quadratic, P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, supplementation of different levels of yeast culture effectively improved the diarrhea incidence of piglets; additionally, the fecal lactic acid bacteria count increased （linear and quadratic, P〈0.05） and the fecal Escherichia coli counts reduced （linear, P〈0.05） as the supplementation of yeast culture increased. Moreover, the supplementation of yeast culture to diet reduced the content of urea nitrogen in serum of piglets （linear, P〈0.05）. In summary, the supplementation of yeast culture could significantly improve the growth performance of piglets. Furthermore, diets containing yeast culture reduced the diarrhea incidence and had positive effects on the fecal microbiota and blood profiles. The optimum dosage of yeast culture in weaned piglet diet was 0.50%.