北京周边重点矿山开采区的植被恢复状况评价

Assessment of the vegetation restoration of the key mining areas around Beijing

北京地区矿产资源丰富、矿种多样,频繁的矿山开采活动严重地破坏了矿山周边的生态平衡。近年来经过各级国土资源部门的努力,矿山周边环境治理与保护工作力度不断加大。了解北京市重点矿山开采区整体环境变化状况对于合理制定环境保护政策、平衡矿产资源开采与环境可持续发展具有重要的意义。本研究利用了2000年、2005年、2010年和2015四个时期的Landsat TM/OLI影像,采用像元二分模型反演了北京市重点矿山开采区的植被覆盖度,揭示了2000~2005年、2005~2010年以及2010~2015年矿山开采区植被覆盖度的时空变化特征,对矿山开采区的生态环境变化进行了定性定量的分析与评价。研究结果表明,门头沟区与密云区在三个时期中植被复绿和退化均相对不明显,当地政府在矿产资源开发的同时对周边生态环境的保护工作一直高度重视;房山区在2000~2005年间由于矿山开发使得周边植被退化,但在后两个五年阶段政府在矿山开采的同时加强了周边生态环境保护工作。说明矿山环境恢复治理工作进展比较顺利,取得的成果比较明显,为全市建设绿色矿山打下了良好基础。

Beijing is rich in diverse mineral resources. Frequent mining activities have seriously damaged the ecological balance around the mine. In recent years, thanks to the efforts of land and resources departments,management and protection efforts on mine environment are increasing. Understanding the vegetation restoration and degradation for the key mine areas of Beijing is significant for formulating the environmental protection policies and balancing resources mining and environmental sustainability. In this study,Landsat TM/OLI images of the year 2000,2005,2010, and 2015 were used to estimate the fractional vegetation coverage in the key mining areas of Beijing using dimidiate pixel model. The temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation coverage change during 2000 ~ 2005,2005 ~ 2010, and 2010 ~ 2015 were demonstrated. The ecological environment changes in the mining areas were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and assessed. Our results showed that the restoration and degradation of vegetation in Mentougou and Miyun were relatively insignificant in the three periods. The local government has paid great attention to the protection of the ecological environment when the mineral resources have been exploited. From 2000 to 2005,as the development of the mining, the vegetation degraded, but in the last two five-year periods, the government strengthened the ecological and environmental protection while resources mining. It is indicated that the environmental restoration and management work of mine is effective,making a good foundation for the city to build green mine.