电磁轨道炮发射过程中的分布式脉冲电源系统冲击特性研究

Analysis of Impinging Characteristic of Distributed Power Supply System during Launching of Electromagnetic Rail-gun

电磁轨道炮发射过程中,分布式脉冲电源系统在1~2 ms的时间内,将承受30 k A以上的脉冲电流以及5 k V以上的脉冲电压,对于电源系统关键部件的工作特性造成极大的影响,甚至引起失效。因此,研究分布式脉冲电源系统在电磁轨道炮发射过程中的冲击特性是十分重要的。建立包含动态变化负载的分布式脉冲电源系统模型,利用电路仿真Pspice软件对分布式脉冲电源系统的冲击特性以及关键部件失效后的工作特性进行仿真分析,并将分析结果与实验结果进行对比。研究结果表明:电磁轨道炮发射过程中,分布式脉冲电源系统的电容器组,在单一模块晶闸管发生击穿短路故障后,受到较大的反向电流和反向电压,会对储能电容器造成严重破坏;在单一模块调波电感器发生击穿故障后,会造成故障模块的输出电流波形与电容器输出电流波形脉宽相近,且造成输出电流波形脉冲宽度变小,峰值增大(即通过晶闸管电流的di/dt变大),可能造成晶闸管高压硅堆正向过流烧毁。仿真结果与实验结果吻合程度很高,证明所建立电磁轨道炮电源模型与实际使用模型十分接近,分析得到的结果准确性更好、可信度更高。

During the launching of electromagnetic rail-gun, the distributed power supply system would suffer more than 30 kA pulse current and more than 5 kV pulse voltage within 2 ms, which has great effect on the critical components of power supply system. Research on the impinging characteristic of distributed power supply system during the launching of electromagnetic rail-gun is very important. A distributed pulse power supply system model with dynamic load variation is established. The impinging characteristics of the distributed pulse power supply system and its working characteristics after the failure of critical components are simulated using Pspice software, and the analysis results are compared with the experi- mental results. The results show that, during the launching of electromagnetic rail-gun, the capacitor bank of distributed power supply system would suffer large reverse current and reverse voltage after thyristor breakdown, which causes serious damage to the capacitor bank. After the wave modulated inductance is breakdown, the output waveform pulse width of fault module is similar to the output waveform of capacitor bank, and it causes the pulse width of output waveform decrease peak value increase（ di/dt of current that though the thyristor increase） , it may cause the high voltage silicon rectifier stack of thyristor positive flow burned. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which proves that the power model of electromagnetic rail gun is very close to the practical model, and the result is more accurate and credible.