某煤矿集团不同岗位尘肺病特征分析

A study on characteristics of pneumoconiosis in different positions of a coal mine group

目的分析某煤矿集团工人的尘肺潜伏期、发病年龄、接尘工龄状况和脱尘情况等,探讨不同工作环境、工作岗位对煤矿工人健康的影响。方法查阅1990-2010年由职业病诊断机构初次确诊,并记录入档的尘肺患者资料,将符合标准的资料进行数据分析。结果 1990-2010年间累计确诊尘肺病1589例,其中,掘进工人病例最多,达866例。脱尘组病例974例,脱尘组罹患尘肺病的掘进工人的潜伏期小于辅助工和采煤工,发病年龄小于采煤工和混合工,其潜伏期和发病年龄在不同工种间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);未脱尘组罹患尘肺病的掘进工人的潜伏期小于混合工和辅助工(P<0.01),且其发病年龄在四个工种最小,其潜伏期和发病年龄在不同工种间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同脱尘情况的不同工作岗位工人职业性尘肺病例特征不同;该煤矿集团,不同工种的工人中掘进工人的健康损害较大。

Objective The aim of this paper is to study the effect of different working environment and work position on the health of coal miners through analyzing incubation of pneumoconiosis, age of onset, years of exposure and leaving dust-exposure position removal among the coal miners. Methods Data-base of pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed at first time by the occupational disease agency from 1990 to 2010 was recorded and data being consistent with the study standard were analyzed. Results 1589 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed during the period of 1990--2010, among which the most cases was found in tunneling workers, up to 866 cases. 974 cases were found after they left from the dust-exposure position, in which incubation of tunneling workers was shorter than that of helping workers and mining workers. Meanwhile, the age of onset of tunneling workers was younger than that of mining workers and combing workers, with the differences being statistically significant（P 〈0.05）. The incubation of tunneling workers was shorter than that of combing workers and helping workers in the group who still worked in the dust- exposure position （P〈0.01）, and the difference of the latent age and the age of onset among the four types of work were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The characteristics of pneumoconiosis in workers with different situations of dust-exposure （keeping in the position or leaving from the position） vary from each one another. Furthermore, tunneling workers were the most largely damaged among the coal mine group workers with different types of positions.