长期绿肥翻压对西北旱地小麦籽粒矿质元素含量的影响

Effects of Long-Term Green Manure Application on the Concentrations of Mineral Elements in Grain of Dryland Wheat in Northwest of China

绿肥对保障作物高产、土壤培肥和养分高效利用有重要影响,但长期翻压绿肥对旱地小麦籽粒矿质元素的影响尚不清楚。故依托甘肃武威25年长期定位试验,采集试验中不施肥、化肥和绿肥3个处理的小麦成熟期籽粒样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)技术分析了长期绿肥翻压对小麦籽粒矿质元素的影响。结果表明,绿肥处理下小麦籽粒大部分矿质元素含量较不施肥处理有增加趋势,其中硅、铁和铷元素含量均较不施肥和化肥处理显著增加;绿肥处理下籽粒重金属元素与不施肥处理无显著性差异,但镍含量较化肥处理表现增加。因而,长期绿肥翻压能有效提高旱地小麦部分矿质营养元素,有利于在保障小麦高产的同时提高籽粒营养品质,但也应关注绿肥翻压对重金属元素在土壤-作物系统中行为的影响。

Green manure is an important managing practice to secure high crop yield, improve soil fertility and nutrient efficiency. However, it was still not clear about the influence of long-term green manure incorporation on mineral elements concentrations in grain of dryland wheat. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） technique was applied to evaluate the impact of long-term green manure application on mineral elements of wheat grains which were collected from three experimental treatments including control of non fertilization, chemical fertilization and green manure at wheat harvest in a 25-year wheat experiment conducted in Wuwei, Gansu province. The results showed that most of the mineral elements content of wheat grain under green manure treatment showed an increase trend compared with non fertilization treatment. The elements of Si, Fe, and Ru showed the significant increase under green manure treatment. Besides, it was found the content of all heavy metals in wheat grains showed no significant difference compared with the non fertilization treatment. However, Ni element increased compared with the chemical fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, long-term green manure incorporation can improve some mineral nutrient elements in grain of dryland wheat, which may contribute to the grain nutritional quality while maintaining high wheat yield. However, the effects of green manure application on the behaviors of heavy metals in soil-plant system required further research.