美越防务安全合作及其对中国的影响

The US-Vietnamese Cooperation of Defense and Security and Its Influence on China

近年来,美越关系不断升温,尤其是在防务与安全合作领域取得了引人瞩目的进展,美越双方从战略上日益重视防务安全合作,军事高层互访频繁,实质性军事交流合作如联合军演、开放越南军港、人道主义救援行动等持续开展,核能领域的合作得到加强,美国全面解除对越武器出口禁令,美越防务安全合作日趋机制化等。美越从昔日的军事对抗走向今日的军事合作,源于亚太地缘政治与安全形势变化背景下两国对安全利益的认知以及安全战略和外交政策的调整,其主要动机及意图是通过相互借力削弱或制衡中国,并在南海问题上实现各自的目标诉求。美越安全防务合作对中国周边安全以及中国外交造成了挑战,它影响了中美关系与中越关系的健康发展,不利于南海问题的和平解决,使中国周边安全形势更加复杂化。虽然美越军事合作暂时难以走向军事同盟,但中国应采取必要的应对策略,积极推动中越关系的发展,加强中国与东盟关系,努力构建中美新型大国关系,加强中俄战略合作,加强中国国防和军队建设,完善周边安全战略,提升应对周边安全危机的能力。

In recent years,the relationship between the United States and Vietnam has continuously developed.Remarkable progress has been made especially in the cooperation of defense and security.Both countries have attached strategic importance to the defense and security cooperation,increased high-level military visits,carried out exchange programs like joint military exercises,the opening of Vietnamese military harbor,sustained humanitarian aid,enhanced nuclear cooperation,the lifting of weapon embargo,etc.The change from military confrontation to military cooperation is attributable to two countries’understandings of their own security interests and adjustments of their own security strategies and foreign policies against the geopolitical and security situation in the Asian-Pacific region.The main intention of the military cooperation is to weaken or contain China and realize their separate goals in the South China Sea.The US-Vietnamese cooperation of defense and security is a great challenge to China’s peripheral security and diplomacy,for it undermines China’s relations with the US and Vietnam,goes against the peaceful settlement for the South China Sea issue,and makes China’s peripheral security situation more complicated.Although it is difficult for the US and Vietnam for the time being to form a military alliance,it is necessary for China to take some precautionary measures,such as improving its relations with the US,Vietnam and ASEAN,enhancing its national defense strength so as to improve its peripheral security.