中国新疆汉族和维吾尔族Rh阴性表型的分布特征研究

Distribution Characteristics of Rh （-） Phenotype in Han and Uyghur Chinese in Xinjiang,China

目的 对比研究新疆汉族和维吾尔族Rh阴性表型的分布特征.方法 选取新疆医科大学第一附属医院住院治疗的Rh阴性患者样本,其中汉族有效样本91例和维吾尔族有效样本231例.分别采用Anti-C、Anti-c、Anti-E、Anti-e单克隆抗体鉴定Rh阴性表型,及采用人类红细胞RhD基因分型试剂盒（筛查型）（PCR-SSP法）测定Rh阴性的基因分型.结果 新疆汉族和维吾尔族Rh阴性人群中以ccee表型最为常见,且维吾尔族ccee表型频率高于汉族（P〈0.05）.在RhC/c表型分布上,两族均大部分为cc表型,维吾尔族人群cc表型频率高于汉族,Cc表型频率低于汉族（P〈0.05）.在RhE/e表型分布上,两族均大部分为ee表型,而维吾尔族人群ee表型频率高于汉族,Ee表型频率低于汉族（P〈0.05）,均存在统计学差异.在Rh阴性的基因分布上,两族均以d/d最为多见,维吾尔族d/d远远高于汉族（90.58 %比45.05 %）,而汉族的DEL型高于维吾尔族（19.78 %比1.35 %）,两组比较（P〈0.05）,差异具有统计学意义.结论 新疆维吾尔族人群Rh阴性表型分布特征与汉族人群相比既有相似之处,又有其自身分布特点,可为后续的血型遗传学及血型基因进化研究提供参考,临床RhD抗体导致的新生儿溶血病的防治提供参考依据.

Objective Objective To examine the distribution characteristics of Rh （-） phenotype in Han and Uyghur population in Xinjiang,China.Methods Rh （-） phenotype samples were obtained from 91 Han and 231 Uyghur patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.Anti-C,anti-c,anti-E,anti-e monoclonal antibodies were used to detect Rh（-） phenotype and PCR-SSP to detect Rh （-） genotyping.Results ccee phenotype was most common in Hans and Uyghurs in Xinjiang,and the frequency of ccee phenotype was higher in Uyghurs than in Hans （P〈0.05）.In terms of the RhC/c phenotype,most of the two populations were cc phenotype and the frequency of cc phenotype was higher in Uyghurs than in Hans,while the Cc phenotype was significantly lower in Uyghurs than in Hans （P〈0.05）.For the RhE/e phenotypic distribution,the ee phenotype was frequently identified in both the ethnic groups and the ee phenotype was higher in Uyghurs than in Hans,while the Ee phenotype was lower in Uyghurs than in Hans （P〈0.05）.In terms of the Rh （-） genotype,most of the two populations were d/d genotype and the d/d genotype was higher in Uyghurs than in Hans （90.58% vs. 45.05%）.DEL was found higher in Han population than in Uyghurs （19.78% vs.1.35%） （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Uyghur Chinese show similar Rh（-） phenotypes to their Han counterpart while they have their unique distribution characteristics of Rh（-） phenotypes.This study provides the references for researches on genetics and evolution of blood group genes,and it also provides the references for the prevention and treatment of hemolytic diseases in newborns caused by RhD antibody.