miRNA在缺血预处理保护心肌缺血／再灌注损伤中的研究进展

miRNAs implicated in protection of heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury by ischemic preconditioning

背景 microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类由动物、植物和病毒基因组编码的约由22 个核苷酸组成的小分子单链RNA。近年来发现它在缺血预处理（ischemic preconditioning, IPC）中发挥着重要作用，有望成为研究治疗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（ischemia/reperfusion injury， I/RI）的新靶点。 目的 阐述不同miRNA在IPC保护心肌I/RI中的作用及其可能机制。 内容 IPC是经典的保护心肌I/RI的方法，IPC后心肌中miRNA表达谱发生改变，其中miR-1、miR-21、miR-133b-5p、miR-199a、miR-144/451可能通过不同的基因调节机制影响IPC保护心肌I/RI。 趋向 将miRNA与靶基因、信号调节通路相结合将是未来研究miRNA调节IPC保护心肌I/RI的重要趋势。

Background Ischemia/reperfusion injury（I/RI） is one of the major culprits for lethal cardiovascular diseases, but can be alleviated by cardiac ischemic preconditioning（IPC）. IPC was demonstrated to recruit multiple types of miRNAs, accompanied by diminished I/RI. Understanding the underlying signaling pathways could provide novel therapeutic strategies for myocardial I/RI. Objective To identify miRNAs that are affected by IPC and play pivotal roles in protecting myocardia from I/RI. Content IPC altered the levels of many miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-21, miR-133b-5p, miR-199a, and miR-144/451, and these miRNAs could limit I/RI through modulating distinct molecules, such as, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, programmed cell death-4, Fas, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 , SIRT1, and Rac-1, etc. Trend Further investigations using species of animals are warranted to characterize miRNAs and their targeting molecules in the regulation of I/RI by IPC, which was intervened in different time points after ischemia and in combination with treatments targeting other genes and signaling pathways.