中原经济区干线公路路网通达性研究

Accessibility of Trunk Highway in Central Plain Economic Region

利用GIS空间分析工具,选取最短时间矩阵、最短路径矩阵、路网密度及通达性系数等指标,对中原经济区干线公路路网通达性进行分析。结果表明:中原经济区公路总长度和高速公路长度逐年快速增加,国道和高速公路分别呈现出"四横五纵"和"米"字型布网。郑州、开封、许昌和新乡因优越的干线公路基础条件和中心地理位置,位居公路路网总距离和总时间排名的前列;运城市、蚌埠市和晋城市则因边缘效应而排名相对靠后。郑州和洛阳的交通中心地位明显,特别是郑州的中心地位更加突出,但以二者为中心交通运输最短时间分布状况欠佳,2 h圈内的城市数量较少。研究区总路网密度较高,区域内路网总容量较大,服务能力和辐射能力较强。高密度路网主要分布在中东部,低密度则分布在北部、西部和南部。高通达性城市主要分布在山东省和河南省,低通达性城市主要分布在河北省、山西省、安徽省及河南省部分省辖市,郑州市干线公路通达性最好,蚌埠市最差。自然地理位置、经济发展水平及交通建设资金投入是影响公路路网通达性的主要因素。

The paper analyses the accessibility of trunk highway in Central Plain Economic Region by means of some accessibility measure methods and GIS spatial analysis tools. The result shows that ： （ 1 ） With the rapid growth of trunk highway in study area, the trunk highway network presents the spatial pattern of four horizontals and five verticals. （2） Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Xuchang and Xinxiang were among the top cities of the total distance and time between each two cities in study area, because of their advantageous geographical position and transportation systems and other infrastruetural facilities. And Bengbu and Jincheng, in contrast, come the very bottom due to edge effect. （3） The spatial distribution situation of the shortest traffic time is not going well in study area, centered by Zhengzhou and Luoyang, there are too little cities in 2 hours transportation circle centered by Zhengzhou and Luoyang. （4）The density of road network is relatively high, and this means that the total capacity, service abilities and radiation ability of road network are relatively well in study area. The eastern and central of Central Plain Eco- nomic Region have the high density of road network, and the northern, western and southern part of study area have the low density. （5） Zhengzhou is the best center city traffic accessibility, while Bengbu is the worst city. It was found that the high accessibility cities is mainly distributed in Shandong and Henan Province and the low accessibil- ity cities is mainly distributed in Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui and parts of Henan Province, which was due to their geo- graphic location, level of economic development and traffic infrastructure development.