北京城市公共服务设施空间分布均衡性研究

Spatial Balance Analysis on Urban Public Service in Beijing City

利用空间分析和数理统计工具研究2014年北京市教育、医疗等城市公共服务设施空间分布的均衡性。以市域各街道和乡镇为评价单元,构建供给指数、需求指数度量各单元内城市公共服务设施的供给和需求,据此分析和评判北京市城市公共服务设施的空间分布及服务质量的均衡性。研究结果表明:在市域尺度上,由于城市发展历史的影响,北京城市公共服务设施空间分布均衡性呈现核心-边缘的格局;在区县尺度上,受行政体系和城镇体系的等级性影响,均衡性程度高低与城镇等级高低相一致;公共服务设施的供给指数与需求指数相关性显著,可判定设施空间分布总体上比较均衡;通过空间叠加分析发现北京市存在设施供给和需求不匹配的区域,其中教育设施、城市公园设施和医疗设施空间布局的均衡程度高于文体设施。

By employing spatial analysis and statistic tools, this research focused on the spatial distribution balance of urban public service, such as education, healthcare, cultural facilities of Beijing City in 2014. Supply index and demand index were built to evaluate the spatial balance magnitude of public service distribution and serv- ice quality while towns were defined as the basic spatial units. The results showed that： on the whole city level, the spatial distribution of urban public service in Beijing represented a core-periphery pattern, while on county scale, the equilibrium level is consistent with township systematic hierarchy; facilities are relatively balanced distributed at city scale because the correlation between supply and demand appeared significant; but the area where demand for public service exceeds supply or supply can＇ t cover demand still exist and the equilibrium level of education, city park and healthcare facilities is higher than cultural and athletic facility.