退耕还湿农户替代生计选择及其影响因素分析——以鄱阳湖区为例

An Analysis on Farmers' Alternative Choice to Substitute Livelihood and Its Influencing Factors in Returning Farmland to Wetland——A Case Study of Poyang Lake Area

在退耕还湿背景下,鄱阳湖区农户的替代生计选择呈现以下特征:农户主要选择外出打工、做生意和发展畜牧业,并且农户对替代生计的选择表现出个体特征差异性和区域差异性特征;农户对替代生计的选择偏好受各种因素的影响,年龄、文化程度、农技培训、家庭人口数、家庭收入水平、社会资本、农户类型等因素分别对不同替代生计选择影响显著。因此,政府应深入了解农户选择替代生计的特点和影响因素,根据不同个体特征、区域特征以及家庭的情况设计相应的转型政策促进农户尽快提高生计能力。

Through the data collected in the field work at Poyang Lake, we analyzed the results and characteristics of the farmers＇ alternative livelihood after the farmland was returned to wetland, by means of multivariate Logit regression model to analyze the effect of the farmers＇ willingness to choose alternative livelihood. The result shows that in the choice of alternative livelihoods, the farmers mainly chose to leave home to find temporary jobs, do business, grow domestic animals, and they vary from person to person and from region to region in their choice of alternative livelihoods; their alterna- tive livelihood preferences are affected by various factors, like age, educational level, agricultural training, family population, family income, social capital, and household. Therefore, the government should try to understand the characteristics and influencing factors of their choice, and make transformation corresponding policies to help them improve their living ability as soon as possible, according to different individual characteristics, regional characteristics and family situation design.