中国革命“民主”与“集中”的双重变奏

The Co-existence of Democracy and Centralism in Chinese Revolution

民主与集中并行不悖是中国共产党领导的中国革命的重要特征。在中国革命语境中,民主意味着民众意志的践行,集中意味着党的意志的贯彻。民主与集中的并存在党内关系上表现为集中为主,民主为辅。其中集中是刚性的,居于主导地位;民主则是柔性的,处于辅助地位。二者并存在党群关系上表现为民主居于前台,集中处于后台。二者经由相互适应、调整、协调而达到统一,很难分出主次轻重。

The co-existence of democracy and centralism characterizes the Chinese revolution led by CPC. In the context of Chinese revolution, democracy means the implementation of the masses＇ will, while centralism means the implementation of the Party＇s will. The co-existence of democracy and centralism within the Party presents itself in the following way. centralism dominates whereas de- mocracy complements. Centralism is imperative, and thus dominates; democracy is non-imperative, and thus in a complementary position. In the relationship between the Party and the masses, democracy is on the proscenium and centralism is at the backstage. The former is sight-catching and vigorous, shown on the part of the masses, but is by no means superficial and perfunctory, while the latter lies in the hands of the Party at the backstage, mild and persuasive, but by no means totalitarian and despotic. In this relationship, it is hard to say which dominates, because the two adapt to and coordinate with each other to achieve a high unity.