老年慢性病患者家庭照顾者应对方式对虐待老人倾向的影响

Influences of family caregivers′coping styles on their abuse tendency of the elderly with chronic diseases

目的探讨老年慢性病患者家庭照顾者应对方式现状及对虐待老人倾向的影响。方法便利选取老年慢性病患者家庭照顾者402人,采用简易应对方式问卷和中文版照顾者虐待老年人评估量表进行调查。结果照顾者虐待倾向得分中位数为3分,四分位数间距为4分;分值在2分及以下者有146人(36.32%),3分及以上者有256人(63.68%)。照顾者积极应对维度得分低于国内常模,消极应对维度得分高于常模(均P<0.01);照顾者积极应对方式与虐待倾向呈显著负相关(P<0.01),消极应对方式与虐待倾向呈显著正相关(P<0.01);照顾者应对方式是虐待倾向的影响因素,积极应对方式是虐老倾向的保护因素,消极应对方式是虐老倾向的危险因素,应对方式能解释照顾者虐老倾向总变异的29.0%。结论老年慢性病患者家庭照顾者应对方式趋于消极且其虐老风险较高。护理人员应鼓励照顾者多采取积极应对方式,避免长期采用消极应对方式,以减少虐老风险,提高照顾质量。

Objective To investigate the influences of family caregivers＇ coping styles on their abuse tendency of the elderly with chro- nic diseases. Methods Totally 402 family caregivers of the elderly with chronic diseases were investigated by Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Chinese version of Caregiver Abuse Screening （CASE）. Results The median score of CASE was 3 and inter- quartile range was 4, with 146（36.32%） family caregivers had a score less than 2, and 256（63.68%） had a score of 3 and greater. The score of positive coping style of caregivers was lower than domestic norms and the score of negative coping style of earegivers was higher than norms. The caregivers＇ positive coping style was significantly negatively correlated with eider abuse tendency （P〈 0.01 ）and the negative coping style was significantly positively correlated with eider abuse tendency （P〈0.01）. Caregivers＇ positive coping style could serve as a protective factor and negative coping style could be a risk factors for elder abuse tendency. The coping styles of caregivers influenced elder abuse tendency, which accounted for 29. 0% of the total variance of caregivers＇ elder abuse tendency. Conclusion The caregivers of elderly with chronic diseases tended to adopt negative coping rather than positive coping, and were at high risk of elder abuse. In order to reduce the risk of abuse and improve the quality of care for the elderly with chronic diseases, nurses should encourage caregivers to foster positive coping styles and avoid long-term use of negative coping styles.