中枢神经系统β淀粉样蛋白的相关研究进展

Research Progress of β-amyloid Protein in the Central Nervous System

β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)是跨膜糖蛋白β淀粉样前体蛋白的水解产物,在大脑中的过量生成和聚集,沉积可引起神经元钙稳态失衡、自由基大量产生、激活炎性因子,引起脑组织局部炎症等一系列反应。随着海马和大脑皮质神经元变性、死亡,脑中胆碱能和多巴胺能递质出现渐进性减少,最终导致机体学习记忆及认知功能障碍。近年来在弥散性轴索损伤患者及阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中均发现Aβ蛋白斑块的大量形成,这些疾病给社会和家庭带来了沉重的负担,因此对于Aβ蛋白的研究具有重要意义。

β-amyloid protein （ Aβ ） is a transmembrane glycoprotein β-amyloid precursor protein hydrolysate. The excessive production and accumulation in the brain,deposition may cause neuronal calcium homeostasis,free radicals ,activation of inflammatory factors,local brain inflammation and a series of reactions. With the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the degeneration and death of neurons in the brain cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter in a progressive decrease,it eventually leads to induce learning and memory and cognitive dysfunction. In recent years, in the brain of patients with diffuse axonal injury and patients with Alzheimer disease the formation of large amounts of β-amyloid plaques was found,and these diseases brought a heavy burden to the society and family,so the study of β-amyloid has great significance.