关天经济区农户农地流转行为研究

Research on land transfer among farmers of Guanzhong—Tianshui Economic Zone

农地流转是现阶段实现农地规模经营的必经之路。本文基于关天经济区622份调查问卷,建立了农地流转的农户模型,利用Heckman两阶段模型研究了交易成本认知和农户禀赋对农户参与农地流转(转出)、农地流转率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)关天经济区农户参与农地流转的积极性不高,样本农户参与农地流转的仅为23%,农地流转率均值为11%;(2)流转价格了解程度、农地流转组织形式、农地流转合约期限和对外交通便利情况影响农户是否参与农地流转决策,而农地流转率仅受流转价格了解程度和农地流转契约形式影响;(3)劳动力和土地禀赋正向影响农户转出土地,农地流转率随农业生产能力增强而降低;(4)文化程度与农户是否参与农地流转、农地流转率呈现显著的负相关关系,与天水的农户相比,关中地区的农户更倾向于参与农地流转。因此,要促进农户参与农地流转、提升农地流转率,首先要加强农地流转政策的宣传力度,提高农户整体认知水平,增强农户农地流转政策的理解程度和接受能力;其次,深化农村土地产权改革,加快农地确权颁证,提升农户产权的稳定性和可预期性;再次,建立健全农地流转市场,完善市场在农地流转过程中的信号生成机制和传递功能,降低农地流转过程中的交易成本;第四,采取相应的激励政策提高农户土地、劳动力的利用程度,提升农户农业生产能力,避免农户在农地流转市场中的逆向选择行为;最后,建立有效的农地"经营权退出机制",将束缚在农业生产上的低效劳动力和土地释放出来,实现资源的最优化配置。

Land transfer is the only way to promote farm land scale management at present. Based on the 622 questionnaires collected in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone, this paper establishes a household model of land transfer and uses Heckman＇ s two-stage model to study the effect of transaction cognition and household endowment on farmers＇ participation in land transfer and the rate of land transfer. The results show that： （1） Farmers＇ participation in land transfer is not high in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone. Only 23% farmers take an active part in land transfer and the average rate of land transfer is 11%. （2） The extent of land transfer, organization form of land transfer, contract period of land transfer and external transport facilitation influence the decision-making of land transfer. But the rate of land transfer is only affected by the understanding of farmland price in transfer and the form of contract. （3）Labor and land endowments have positive relationship with the participation of land transfer, while transfer rate declined with the increasing of agricultural production capacity. （4） Farmers＇ participation and land transfer rate show significant negative correlation with the educational level. Compared with farmers in Tianshui, farmers in Guanzhong are more inclined to participate in land transfer. Therefore, in order to promote farmers＇ participation in land transfer and improve rate of farmland transfer, recommendations are necessary as follows ： first, strengthening the propaganda of farmland transfer policy, improving the overall level of farmers＇ cognition, and enhancing farmers＇ understanding and acceptability of farmland circulation policy; second, deepening the reform of rural land property rights, speeding up the certification of land and enhancing the stability and predictability of farmer property rights are important way; third, establishing and improving the land transfer market, and improving the signal generation mechanism and transfer function of the market in the process of land transfer could reduce the transaction cost in the process of land transfer; fourth, adopting corresponding incentive policies to improve the land use and farmer productivity and avoiding the adverse selection behavior of the farmer in land transfer market; finally, establishing effective land management mechanism and releasing the inefficient labor and land, then we could achieve the optimal allocation of resources.