两汉赐爵关内侯的社会功能

The Social Function of Bestowing the Guannei Marquis in the Han Dynasty

两汉一般只有皇帝(仅少数时期的太皇太后、太后、权臣)才有赐爵关内侯(1)的权力,赐爵关内侯经历了从皇权主导到权臣支配的历史进程。赐爵关内侯是汉代皇帝分配权益并与社会成员缔结身份等级关系的一项重要措施,有助于调整统治集团构成与社会等级秩序,进而加强皇权和扩大政权统治基础。两汉赐爵关内侯的社会功能主要表现为社会功绩激励和政治身份管理,呈现出阶段性、功绩性、身份化与鲜明时代性的特征。汉代赐爵关内侯的社会功能主要取决于赐爵权的运行机制,并与政局变迁、二十等爵制调整、统治集团构成的演变、多种政治集团势力兴衰密切相关。然而就整体发展而言,两汉赐爵关内侯社会功能的积极方面仍居于主导地位。

The Han emperor （the emperor＇s grandmother, empress, and authoritative courtiers for a limited period of time） had the power to grant the title of Guannei Marquis. The bestowing the Guannei Marquis as the power of the imperial power distribution, property and the ruling group members of the status hierarchy is an important measure. In the Han Dynasty, bestowing the Guannei Marquis not only strengthened the political dominance and identity control of the imperial power, but also adjusted the order of social hierarchy and the composition of the members of the ruling group, which helped to strengthen the imperial power and consolidate the foundation of political power. The important social functions of the civil servants in the Han Dynasty, such as the promotion of social merits and the man- agement of political identity, mainly depended on the change of the political situation, especially the power of the imperial power, the adjustment of the royal system, the constitution and evolution of the ruling groups, the rise and fall of different political groups. Imperial power and Gaojue groups are closely related to the relationship between the changes. The social function of bestowing the Guannei Marquis in the Han Dynasty not only experienced the historical process from the domination of the imperial power to the domination of the ruler, but also presented the character of phase, merit, identity and distinctiveness.