Al-Si-Ge钎料钎焊Cu/Al接头组织与性能研究

Microstructure and Property of Cu/Al Joint Brazed with Al-Si-Ge Filler Metal

首次采用Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge钎料对Cu/Al异种金属进行了炉中钎焊,分别从钎料的熔化特性、铺展润湿性、Cu侧界面组织以及钎焊接头强度等方面进行了系统研究,并与Zn-22Al钎料钎焊结果进行对比。结果表明,Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge钎料具有较低的熔化温度(约541℃),同时在Cu、Al母材上均具有良好的铺展润湿性。Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge/Cu界面由CuAl_2/CuAl/Cu_3Al_2三层化合物组成,其中CuAl和Cu_3Al_2呈层状,厚度较薄,仅为1~2 mm;CuAl_2呈胞状,平均厚度约为3 mm。Zn-22Al/Cu界面结构为CuAl_2/CuAl/Cu_9Al_4,其中CuAl_2层平均厚度高达15 mm。接头抗剪切强度测试结果表明,Zn-22Al钎料钎焊Cu/Al接头抗剪切强度仅为42.7 MPa,而Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge钎料钎焊Cu/Al接头具有更高的抗剪切强度,为53.4 MPa。

Cu/Al brazing has good prospect for applications in the air conditioning and refrigeration industry. A suitable filler metal is the key of Cu/Al brazing. The chemical and physical properties of the filler metal have great influence on the brazing process and parameters. And the strength of the brazing joint is closely related to the properties of the filler metal and the brazing process. While the previous studies have not developed a kind of Cu/Al brazing filler metal which can achieve a tough joint at a low brazing temperature. In this work, the Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal was first used to braze Cu/Al dissimilar metals, and the melting characteristics of the filler metal, spreading wettability, Cu interfacial structure and strength of brazed joint were investigated systematically. Additionally, the common Zn-22Al filler metal was also used for comparison. The results show that the Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal possesses low melting temperature （about 541 ℃） and excellent spreading wettability on Cu and Al base metals. The interfacial structure of Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge/Cu was CuAl2/CuAl/Cu3Al2. The thickness of planar CuAl and Cu3Al2 phases was only 1-2 μm, and the thickness of cellular CuAl2 phase was about 3 μm. The interfacial structure of Zn-22Al/Cu was CuAl2/CuAl/Cu9Al4, but the average thickness of the CuAl2 layer was up to 15 μm. The test results of the shearing strength show that the shearing strength of the Cu/Al joint brazed with Zn-22Al filler metal was only 42.7 MPa, but the shearing strength brazed with Al-5.6Si-25.2Ge filler metal was higher （53.4 MPa）.