宋诗注释方法芹献

A Discussion of the Annotation Method of the Song Poetry

中国古代文学作品,由于时代的不同、文体的不同,其艺术表现方法亦自有异,注释时当根据作品的时代与文体有所更变。现以宋代著名诗人"小东坡"唐庚的诗集为例,结合宋代其他诗人的作品,探讨今人注释宋诗时应遵循的原则、义例和方法。宋诗讲求"无一字无来处",拈出诗人用语的出处,是诗注的一个重要组成部分。宋人较唐人更爱用典,特别是一些因另辟蹊径的需要而翻腾化用的典故,更不可轻易放过;宋诗中或多或少会涉及当时的政治、典章、职官、礼仪等制度,若对此没有全面的把握与认识,很可能会导致理解和注释时错误的发生。宋代文人博览群书,兼通三教,与之交游唱和者,不乏方外之人。宋诗中的宗教术语、"舶来词"也较前人有更多的运用,注释时需格外留意。在校勘时,经常会出现文字虽通,却不符合作者原意的文本,或文字不通,而各本文字皆同的情况。还有诸本异文似皆可通而难以取舍的例子。这就需要注者具备多方面知识综合运用的能力,从而选定正确的文字。

Ancient Chinese literary works used different artistic expressions in different times and different styles.So the annotations should change according to the age and style of those works.As for the Song poetry,to note the provenance of poet’s wording construct an important ingredient of poetry annotation,because the Song poetry emphasized that'every character has its own source.'The Song poets prefer to use allusion more than the Tang poets,so the annotator should not pass on the allusions,especially some converted ones used for unconventional needs.There are more or less institutions of politics,laws and regulations,officials,as well as rites involved in the Song poetry,so mistakes on understanding and annotation are probably occurred without a complete grasp and knowledge about those institutions.The Song literati were well-read and mastered Confucianism,Taoism as well as Buddhism,so they often communicated and responded with poems with Buddhists and Taoist priests.Therefore,there were more religious terms and'imported words'applied in the Song poetry which need extra caution.In the collation,they are often the cases that the text is fluent yet it is not in line with the poet’s original intention,or the text is not fluent yet each version are the same.Besides,there are instances that different texts all seem to be fluent so that it is difficult to choose.That requires the ability of using a combination of various knowledge for the annotator to designate the correct text.