高考改革的困境与突破

Dilemma of the Gaokao Reform and the Path Forward

统一高考恢复迄今40年,高考改革在科学性与多样化方面取得了明显成就,实现了跨越式发展。由于高考背负了许多本不该承担的社会责任,改革常常陷入困境,主要体现在社会功能凌驾于教育功能之上、高校招生自主权未能得到充分尊重两方面。40年的改革并未触及高考制度的根本问题,要发挥高考制度的更大功效,还需在两方面加大改革力度、实现重点突破:一是减轻高考社会责任,回归高考教育功能;二是遵循高等教育发展规律,践行高校招生自主权。

Great strides have been made in the reform of the unified Gaokao system, which was introduced 40 years ago. The reform has significantly improved Gaokao＇s scientific nature and diversity. As Gaokao bears an inordinate amount of social responsibility, the reform often runs into difficulty, as evidenced by the fact that the social function of Gaokao weighs on its educational function and that universities＇ autonomy in admissions is not fully respected. The reform over the past 40 years has not reached into the fundamental issues of the Gaokao system. If Gaokao is to serve a greater function, it＇s imperative to increase reform efforts and strive for breakthroughs in key areas with two actions： first, to reduce Gaokao＇s so- cial responsibility and reinstate its educational function, and second, to respect the development laws of higher education and grant full admission autonomy to universities.