后现代语境中西文理论术语的“汉译”及其界定——以布尔迪厄《区隔》中的classe、jugement和habitus为例

The Chinese Translation and Redefinition of Theoretical Terms in the Postmodern Context:In the Case of “Class”,“Judgment”,“Habitus” in Pierre Bourdieu's “Distinction”

产生于后现代语境中的西方思想在进入当下的汉语语境时往往容易出现种种的误读,其中一个关键的原因就是,生成于现代性语境中的汉语语汇与西方后现代思想取向之间存在着某种"质"的差异。布尔迪厄的无价值倾向的"阶级/阶层(classe)"被打上了明显意识形态的印迹,"趣味判断(jugement)"则被直接对应于康德的"判断力",而作为具有本体意味的"生存样态"出现的"habitus"也只是被定位在"习性/习得"的层面上。"新学语"的输入建构着全新的知识范型与思维结构,而既有的汉语语汇,特别是对关键性核心理论术语的表述却又潜在地误导我们对诸多原创性思想的理解。从这个意义上说,重新清理和界定汉语理论术语的基本内涵也许是"复活"中国思想所不可或缺的重要前提。

Misunderstanding often arises when Western postmodem ideology enters the contemporary Chinese language context. One of the key reasons is the gap between the modem Chinese context and Western postmodemism. Pierre Bourdieu＇s idea of ＂class＂, which was originally value-neutral, is marked with ideology, and his ＂judgment＂ is directly linked to Kant＇s ＂judgment＂. In addition, his ＂habitus＂, which originally contained the meaning of subjectivity, has been interpreted as habituation or acquisition. The introduction of new academic expressions helps build new knowledge models and thinking structures. However, the existing vocabulary, especially expressions of key theoretical terms, is interfering with scholars＇ understanding of the original ideas. In this sense, redefining the connotation of those theoretical terms the in Chinese context might be one of the essential needs for the revival of Chinese academia.