陶瓷3D打印技术的研究与进展

Research and Progress on Three Dimensional Printing of Ceramic Materials

3D打印技术是一种新型的陶瓷成型制造工艺,它无需模具,可快速制备出形状复杂的陶瓷零部件。系统综述了6种现有3D打印技术在陶瓷制造领域的研究进展,包括三维印刷成型技术、喷射打印成型技术、激光选区烧结成型技术、光固化快速成型技术、熔化沉积成型技术以及叠层实体制造技术。重点介绍了一种新型3D打印方法——浆料直写成型技术,与现有3D打印技术相比,直写成型技术能够在常温下、无需任何紫外光或者激光的辐射,通过简单的陶瓷原料制备出三维多孔立体精细结构,在先进陶瓷制备领域具有极大的潜力。从浆料体系、直写成型设备以及多功能应用3个方面详细阐述了浆料直写成型技术的研究进展。最后论述了陶瓷3D打印技术所具有的独特优势和面临的机遇与挑战。

Three-dimensional （3D） printing technique is a kind of novel ceramic fabrication technique, which can fabricate fine ceramic products without any moulds. In this paper, six kind of developed 3D printing techniques in ceramic manufacture were reviewed, i.e., three-dimensional printing, ink jet printing, selective laser sintering, stereo lithography apparatus, fused deposition of ceramics and laminated object manufacturing. Also, a kind of novel 3D printing technique named ＇direct ink writing （DIW）＇ was also represented. Compared to other 3D printing techniques, the DIW can fabricate fine 3D structures without any moulds, laser or ultraviolet light at room temperature with ceramic powders, providing a promising potential in the field of advanced ceramic fabrication. The ink fabrication, facility and functional application of the DIW were given. In addition, the advantages and challenges of 3D printing of ceramics were also discussed.