模拟直升机垂直向碰撞伤的初步研究

Preliminary study on simulated helicopter vertical impact injury

目的在生物碰撞实验平台基础上,用成体香猪开展头盆向碰撞减速实验,研究直升机坠落事故(垂直向碰撞)的损伤特点。方法成年从江香猪18只,根据速度差变化简单随机抽样分为2组(n=9);猪以"仰卧位"固定,进行头盆向刚性碰撞模拟直升机垂直坠落,碰撞速度分别设置为Ⅰ组:8 m/s,Ⅱ组11 m/s;观察碰撞后即刻至伤后6 h两组的存活情况、形态学改变、血气指标的变化,进行损伤组织的影像学观察,分析简明损伤评分(AIS)、损伤严重程度评分(ISS)的情况。结果Ⅰ组速度差(8.21±0.13)m/s,Ⅱ组速度差(10.69±0.41)m/s,垂直向减速度载荷分别为127.85 g和164.35 g,动物中枢神经系统、脊柱和胸腹重要脏器均出现损伤,ISS评分分别为(26.67±5.02)分和(52.71±6.13)分(P<0.05),动物总体伤情达到重伤和危重伤。结论成功制作直升机垂直碰撞的重伤与危重伤动物模型,初步明确脾破裂、肺挫伤为其胸腹部损伤的特点。

Objective To determine the injury patterns of helicopter crash injuries based on the platform of biological crash equipment with adult minipig suffered from claudo-eephalad decelaration impacts. Methods Eighteen adult Congjiang minipigs were randomly divided into 2 groups （n = 9）. All the pigs were fixed in the supine position and restrained in the rigid seat to simulate the claudo-cephalad deceleration impact. The velocities of crash were 8 m/s for group I and 11 m/s for group II. From the moment of crash to 6 h after it, the survival situation, morphological changes of injured tissues, blood gas analysis, medical imaging, abbreviated injury scale （AIS）, and injury severity score （ISS） were observed in the 2 groups. Results Ultimate velocity of impact were 8.21 ± 0.13 m/s in group I , and 10.69 ± 0.41 m/s in group Ⅱ. The peak values of accelerations in pelvis were 127.85 and 164.35 g. The damages located in the central nervous, axial skeleton, and thoracoabdominal organs in both groups. The ISS score was 26.67 ± 5.02 in group I , significantly lower than that in group Ⅱ （52.71 ±6.13, P 〈0.05）. The total injuries were severe and life-threatening. Conclusion The animal models of severe and life-threatening helicopter vertical impact injuries are established successfully. And the characteristic of spleen rupture and pulmonary contusion are major injuries in the thoracoabdominal region.