急进高海拔高原驻训军人急性应激反应特点

Characteristics of acute stress reactions during military training with acute high-altitude exposure

目的探讨急进高海高原驻训军人急性应激反应特点。方法采用军人急性应激反应量表(acute stress response scale for armymen,ASRSA),于到达高原(海拔3 450 m)3 d内,对600名急进高海拔高原驻训军人进行团体心理测评,比较其急性应激反应的人员类别、文化程度、子女结构和婚姻状况差异。结果各项目与总分之间的相关系数在0.72~0.95(P<0.01),同质性信度(Cronbachα系数)为0.961,Spearman分半信度为0.946,说明ASRSA在急进高海拔高原军人群体中有较好的信度和区分度,可以作为急进高海拔高原军人群体中的测评工具。(1)急进高海拔高原驻训军人急性应激反应各维度得分在士(军)官和义务兵组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)急进高海拔高原驻训军人急性应激反应各维度得分在文化程度组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),本科及以上文化组认知改变、情绪反应、行为变化、生理反应、病理改变、工作效率和总反应指数得分显著高于高中及以下文化组(P<0.05);(3)独生子组急性应激反应病理改变和工作效率维度得分显著高于非独生子组(P<0.05);(4)急进高海拔高原驻训军人急性应激反应各维度得分在未婚组和已婚组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(5)急进高海拔高原驻训军人急性应激反应病理改变得分在各军龄组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论急进高海拔高原驻训军人急性应激反应得分存在显著的文化程度、子女结构和军龄差异。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of acute stress reactions in response to military training with an acute high-altitude exposure. Methods Acute Stress Response Scale for Armymen （ASRSA） was employed to conduct group tests in 600 military officers and soldiers within 3 d of acute high- altitude （3 450 m） exposure. Then analyses were carried out on the characteristics of acute stress reaction and the differences among various of occupations, education degree, only child or not and marital status. Results ASRSA item analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between each item score and the total score ranged from 0.72 to 0.95 （P 〈 0.05） with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0. 961 and a split-half reliability coefficient of 0. 946, suggesting a good validity and a strong discriminative power of ASRSA in these military officers and soldiers. ①The sergeants （officers） and soldiers participating in this study showed comparable factor scores （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. ② The factor scores differed significantly among the groups with different education levels （P 〈 0.05 ） , and the participants with a bachelor＇ s degree or above had significantly higher scores for cognitive changes, emotional response, behavioral changes, physiological response, pathological changes, working efficiency and total stress response index than the senior high school graduates （P 〈 0.05 ）. ③The participants who were the only child of the family had significantly higher scores for physiological response and working efficiency than those with siblings （P 〈 0. 05 ）. ④ No significant differences were found in the scores for acute stress response between the married and non-married groups （P 〉 0.05 ）. ⑤The participants with different lengths of military service showed significantly different scores for pathological changes （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The educational level, having siblings or not, and the length of military service are all factors associated with acute stress reactions in military personnel undergoing training with an acute high-altitude exposure.