科举视角下《四书》满文本翻译始末

The Ins and Outs of The Four Books in Manchu Scripts Viewed from The Imperial Examination System

清廷入关后,对满族知识阶层开始推行汉文化,并根据科举考试之需翻译了《四书》、《五经》。该文以《实录》、《会典》、《钦定学政全书》、《起居注》、《黑图档》等原始资料为依据,探讨清代满文本四书的重译始末,此外还详细介绍了为皇帝经筵,编写或刊行满、汉文《四书讲章》、《大学衍义》、《日讲四书解义》等经过,充分展示清代满族知识阶层被儒家文化熏陶的过程。

After founding the regime in the capital of Beijing,the Qing Court encouraged the Manchu intelligentsia to learn the Han culture by opening the course in Manchu-Chinese translation in the schools of all levels and organized turning The Four Books(The Great Learning,The Doctrine of the Mean,The Analects of Confucius and Mencius)and The Five Classics(The Book of Songs,The Book of History,The Book of Changes,the Book of Rites,The Spring and Autumn Annals)from Chinese into Manchu to meet the requirement of the imperial examination system.The essay focuses on the process of the Manchu intellectuals’being influenced by Confucian culture during the Qing Dynasty by exploring the ins and outs of The Four Books and The Five Classics in Manchu scripts based on the source materials of The Record of Laws and Systems of The Dynasty(HuìDiǎn),The Collected Works on Education(Qīnding Xuézhèng Quánshū),The Record of The Emperors’Daily Life and Work(QǐJūZhù)and The Official Archives of The Qing Dynasty(Hēi TúDàng)as well as the details of editing,printing and publishing teaching materials of both Chinese and Manchu scripts for the royal command lectures on the classics.