“一带一路”战略下中国对外投资基础设施的法律风险与对策--基于《补贴与反补贴措施协议》的视角

Legal Risks and Countermeasures of China's Outward Investment under One Belt One Road Initiative: the Perspective of Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement

中国在"一带一路"沿线国家投资基础设施,应注意将基础设施分为"一般基础设施"和"非一般基础设施"。其中,"一般基础设施"可以借助公共物品理论予以识别,努力使之不受反补贴措施的规制。"非一般基础设施"则可能遭受上游补贴调查的法律风险,中国需要未雨绸缪小心防范。一旦此类风险发生,中国应特别重视补贴"利益传递"的抗辩,明确要求调查机关"证明"而非"推定"利益传递。此外,中国政府还应侧重选择以对外援助的方式建设"非一般基础设施",确保享有反补贴税法的豁免。

China should divide infrastructure into ＂general infrastructure＂ and ＂non-general infrastructure＂ when invest in the surrounding countries of ＂One Belt One Road＂. Among them, ＂general infrastructure＂ can be identified with the help of public goods theory and should not be subject to the regulation of countervailing measures. ＂ Non-general infrastructure＂ may cause the legal risks from upstream subsidies investigations, which China need to be carefully to guard against. Once such risks actually occur, China should pay special attention to the plea of ＂benefit pass-through＂ and request investigators have to ＂prove＂ rather than ＂presume＂ the pass-through of benefit. In addition, the government of China should also choose the form of foreign aid to invest ＂non-general infrastructure＂ and make sure it enjoy the exemption of countervailing measures.