汉语复合词构词理据的规约性

An Analysis of Conventionalization of Motivation of Word-making of Chinese Compound Words

以往对复合词构词理据的研究多为构词法和具体名源的讨论,少见其构词理据一般性质的探讨。我们认为,语素组合是否成立,词义如何识解,是具有全民规约性的,即人们遵循一种相同相似的理据处理模式。具体表现在三个方面:理据离规/模糊的词欠通行或理据被"修正"、可聚合词语的使用与发展遵循理据规约、新造词/生造词的构词遵循理据规约。复合词的构词理据之所以具有规约性,主要受到概念逻辑关系、认知规律和文化因素的影响。

Most of the previous studies of motivation of compound words are word formation and specific source of meanings. There has been little discussion of itself general properties of the motivations. We consider that there is a universal conventionalization of motivation of compound words which affects the combination of morphemes and construal of words meaning. It means that people have the same processing mode of motivation. The conventionalization is reflected as three aspects. First, the words which motivations are unusual or fuzzy are used infrequently or their motivations have been fixed. Second, the use and development of words with paradigmatic relation are according to the conventionalization of motivations. Third, the formation of new words is according to the conventionalization of motivations. The conventionalization of motivations are mainly affected by the logical relationship of concepts, cognitive rules and cultural factors.