音乐认知的基本脑电成分:从聆听到演奏

Event-Related Potentials in Music Cognition:from Listening to Playing

研究发现早期听觉诱发电位(Auditory Evoked Potentials,AEP)的易感性与音乐训练后的神经元可塑性存在关联。失匹配负波(Mismatch Negativity,MMN)与早右前负波(Early Right Anterior Negativity,ERAN)与人脑从音乐材料中提取规律性有关,二者皆是对"期望违反"的脑电反映,只不过ERAN多出现在"和弦期望"或"音乐情景期望"的违背中,而MMN更多地出现在音色、音程、节拍等基本声学特征偏差中。MMN与ERAN两者似乎同时受到音乐文化背景熟悉性与训练效应的影响,只是程度不一,且都可在前注意水平诱发。另外,中晚期成分N400涉及音乐意义传递、N5参与和声、和弦整合。音乐生成(演奏)过程中同样存在动作句法,且这一句法规律性仍可借助脑电手段得以检测。

There has been a very long history of EEG research on music cognition. Previous studies had found a close relevance between susceptibility of early auditory evoked potentials （AEP） and ？ neuronal plasticity after music training. Both mismatch negativity （MMN） and early right anterior negativity （ERAN） are related to extrac- ting regularities from musical materials as well as reflecting expectancy violation. Furthermore, many researchers had detected ERAN in violation of chord expectancy or music context. MMN, however, was recorded in basic a- coustic deviation stimulus, such as timbre, interval and beat. It seemed that both MMN and ERAN are impacted by familiarity of music culture and training effect with different weight and can be elicited in pre - intention stage. Mo- reover, N400 in middle and late phases includes musical meaning transmission, N5 involvement into harmony process and chord integration. It is noteworthy that there still exists ＂action syntax＂ in music playing, likewise, we can investigate the wholeness of this action syntax during music playing using ERPs.