基于柔性契约的政府应急物资采购模型研究

Government Emergency Supplies Procurement Model Based on Flexible Contract

面对突发事件导致的巨大物资需求,实物储备往往体现出应对能力不足。而对于生产时间较短的重要应急物资,生产能力储备是缓解这一压力的有效途径。对此,本研究构建了一个物资企业双储备形式下的应急物资采购模型,分析研究了在物资企业可以选择生产形式(常规生产和加急生产)的情况下,政府的最优支付决策和物资企业的双储备决策。推导分析结果显示,物资企业的生产能力约束和政府的支付水平对政企合作形式起到决定性作用。本研究进一步通过数值分析验证模型的有效性和契约合作的优势,并讨论了若干重要外生参数对政企最优决策的影响。

In reality, physical reserves cannot meet the huge emergency demands caused by sudden-onset disasters. For emergency supplies with short production time, productivity reserves can reduce the pressure. This paper constructs an emergency supplies procurement model when the supplier can provide both physical reserves and productivity reserves. Optimal decisions of government＇s payment and supplier＇ s reserves quantity are analyzed under the condition that the supplier can choose production mode （regular production and urgent production）. The derived results show that the production capacity constraint and government＇ s payment determine the cooperation form. Numerical analyses test the effectiveness of the proposed model and advantages of the contractual cooperation. Influences of some important exogenous parameters on the optimal decisions are also discussed.