中共引领乡村革命与改造的“社会组织化”策略——基于1920—1950年代农民协会与农业生产合作社创建的历史分析

Based on A Historical Analysis of the Establishment of Peasants' Associations and Aqricultural Prducers' Cooperatives from 1920 to 1950

在引领乡村革命与改造的过程中,中共娴熟地运用了"社会组织化"策略,借以最大限度地延展自身的组织力量,实现重塑乡村社会的理想。所谓"社会组织化"策略,即是指借助多重机制和手段,将人民群众组织起来,建立特定形式的群众性社会组织,使之在共产党的领导下有效展开集体行动。在推进乡村革命方面,"社会组织化"策略的实践应用主要体现为农民协会的创建,而在推进乡村改造方面,"社会组织化"策略的实践应用又主要体现为农业生产合作社的创建;二者的创建结果成功地帮助中共将农民普遍而有效地组织起来,实现了在广度和深度上都堪称空前的乡村革命与改造,进而对乡村社会的发展产生了持久而深远的影响。

During the process of leading rural revolution and transformation, CCP skillfully used the ＂social organizing＂ strategy to maximize its organizational strength in order to realize the ideal of reshaping rural society. The so-called ＂social organizing＂ strategy refers to the use of multiple mechanisms and means to organize the masses, establish specific forms of mass social organizations, and make them effectively carry out collective actions under CCP＇s leadership. In the aspect of promoting rural revolution, practical application of the strategy is mainly embodied in the establishment of peasant associations, and in the aspect of promoting the transformation of rural areas, mainly in the establishment of agricultural producers ＇ cooperatives. The establishment of the two sorts of organizations successfully helped CCP organize peasants in an effective way and on a large part, and realize an unprecedented rural revolution and transformation both in breadth and depth, which exerted a lasting and far-reaching impact on the development of rural society.