对新生儿听力筛查方法实施改进的效果观察

Observation of effect of improvement of newborn hearing screening method

目的:探讨如何通过专业指导,提升新生儿听力筛查效果。方法:选取2012年2月~2016年8月院内分娩的新生儿2400例,采用数字表法将其随机等分为试验组和对照组。两组新生儿均应用自动脑干诱发电位技术,在分娩后3 d内至产妇出院前(新生儿重症监护室则为高危儿出院前)进行听力筛查,高危儿在病情稳定后进行筛查。初筛未通过者于出生后42 d复筛,如复筛仍未通过则于3个月龄进行听力学诊断。试验组由2名经过听力筛查系统培训且具有主管护师以上职称的人员负责建立听力筛查并指导协助护士工作,同时对疑似听力障碍的新生儿进行相应的护理干预;对照组按照护士班次的职责行普遍听力筛查及护理过程。观察两组新生儿初筛、复筛情况。结果:试验组初筛、复筛效果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:建立规范新生儿听力筛查过程,有利于提高新生儿听力初筛率、复筛率,降低失访率,有利于听力障碍儿童的早发现、早治疗。

Objective：To discuss how to improve the newborn hearing screen effect through professional guidance. Methods：Selected 2400 newborns deliv- ered in our hospital from February 2012 to August 2016, and they were divided into test group and control group at random according to the number table method. The newborns in both groups received hearing screening within 3d after delivery until discharge of the lying - in women （ and for the newborns in the newborn ICU, before discharge of the highly critical newborns） with automatic brain stem evoked potential technology, and the highly critical newborns received hearing screening after stability of diseases. Those not passing the initial screening received screening again 42 d after birth, and if they still did not pass the re - screening, they would receive hearing diagnosis at the age of 3 months. In the control group, 2 personnel receiving hearing screening system training and with title above nurse - in - charge were responsible for establishing the hearing screening and guiding and assisting the nurses in work, and meanwhile, corresponding nursing intervention was given to the newborns suspected of hearing disorder; and in the control group, the newborns received u- niversal hearing screening and nursing according to the responsibilities of nurses＇ shifts. Newborns in the two groups were observed in the conditions of ini- tial screening and re - screening. Results ： Through comparison, the difference of initial screening and re - screening effects of newborns in the test group was statistically significant（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion： Establishing a regulated newborn hearing screening process could increase the hearing initial screening rate and re - screening rate of newborns, reduce follow - up visit loss rate and was beneficial for the early discovery and treatment of children with hearing disorder.