高钠摄入与骨质疏松的关系

Relationship between higher sodium intake and osteoporosis

钠是机体必需的营养元素,它参与维持水、电解质平衡、调节神经系统功能,承担着重要的生物学功能。然而高钠摄入也会引起机体的相关疾病,是高血压的诱因之一。随着研究的深入,发现高钠也是诱发骨质疏松的危险因素,但目前未受到足够重视。近期研究表明,在实验研究中,高钠会抑制成骨细胞的分化及其功能;高钠会导致大鼠骨密度和骨强度降低,使骨折发生率增加;在临床上,高钠饮食会增加骨质疏松患病风险,而且无论更年期妇女的骨密度如何,高盐饮食都会增加骨折的危险;但高钠对骨骼的作用研究文献不多,其分子机制尚不明确。本文从实验和临床两个方面,对高钠摄入与骨质疏松的关系作一综述。

Sodium is an essential nutrient in the body, which maintains water electrolyte balance and regulates the nervous system, undertaking crucial biological function. However, too much sodium intake would cause a series of diseases, such as hypertension. It was found that higher sodium intake may cause osteoporosis, but it receives little attention. According to the reports, higher sodium can inhibit the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, or decrease the bone mineral density and bone strength of rats to increase fracture rate in the experimental studies, while high salt diet increase the risk of osteoporosis in the clinical studies. Regardless of bone mineral density of postmenopausal women, high salt will increase the risk of fracture. The research of the effect of high salt on osteoporosis is limited and related molecular pathogenesis has not been clarified. Thus, this article review the relationship between higher sodium intake and osteoporosis from both experimental and clinical studies.