宋代公使钱的陋规化演变及其启示

How Tending Money Evolved into Hidden Rules in the Song Dynasty and Its Modern Enlightenment

陋规是中国古代官场上十分普遍的贪腐现象,尽管其在名义上界于合法与非法之间,但是在本质和危害上与贪污贿赂并无二致。宋代的传馈陋规渊源于公使钱,而公使钱原本是为了防止官吏苛派百姓的制度,但因制度的异化和执行的松散,变成了传馈陋规的款项来源。原本防止官员腐败的制度设计最后演变成为贪贿的体制来源,这提示我们在今天的反腐倡廉建设中,不仅要加强制度体系的建立,还要重视"边缘"地带的"灰色贪腐"以及如何确保反腐制度能够"刚性"运行。

As a demonstration of corruption, hidden rules were once prevalent among Chinese ancient officialdoms. Ranked as they might have been between the legal and illegal, they were in essence and in the damage they caused of no difference from corruption. Hidden rules with deliverance of materials in the Song Dynasty originated from tending money （money used for official treatments）, which, originally started as a preventative means to stop officials from overexploiting the common people, finally became the sources for hidden rules with deliverance of materials. Preventative mechanisms against corruption was turned into the official source for greed and bribery, which must serve as an enlightenment in the current efforts of fighting against corruption and promoting integrity. Not only must there be the enhanced establishment of mechanisms, attention must also be paid to the rigid application of mechanisms in marginal areas where ＂grey corruption＂ can be found.