场所与空间:景观人类学研究概览

PLACE AND SPACE:A REVIEW OF LANDSCAPE ANTHROPOLOGY RESEARCH

景观人类学是20世纪90年代在欧美出现的新的学科分支。笔者将从三个方面来展开"文化人类学与景观设计"话题。首先对"‘文化人类学’是什么"做出简要介绍,为不同学科背景的读者提供一个基本的学科印象。其次,对本文中的"景观设计"一词,做出必要的限定和澄清,确保形成讨论的基本共识。接着,重点介绍文化人类学基于"景观"的研究的基本视角——"场所"与"空间"。"场所"视角重点关注"当地人"赋予其所处环境以文化意义的过程,以及人们的生活实践如何构建景观。"空间"视角关注学者、企业家、规划师等文化表象的主体如何表达地方文化,这种文化表象又如何影响空间的生产。本文重点梳理了以上两个视角的研究,并介绍了最新的研究动态,最后落脚"景观设计"的文化内涵,展望未来文化人类学与景观设计结合之可能。

Landscape Anthropology is a new disciplinary branch of Anthropology emerged in European and American academia during the 1790s. The current review develops the topic of ＂Cultural Anthropology and Landscape Architecture＂from three perspectives. Firstly, it provides a brief introduction to the definition of Cultural Anthropology to familiarize interdisciplinary readers. Secondly, it provides necessary conceptual clarification to the term ＂景观设计 （Landscape Architecture）.＂ Thirdly, it provides a review of the research approaches to the study of landscape in the field of Cultural Anthropology： place and space. The ＂place＂ perspective focuses on how local people endow cultural meanings onto their surrounding environment, and how people＇s routine activities construct landscape. The ＂space＂ perspective considers how academics, entrepreneurs, designers, and other main actors in cultural representation, express local culture, and how such representation influences the social production of space. The current paper emphasizes research on these two points and reviews recent studies. Finally, it looks ahead to the possible cooperation between the study of Cultural Anthropology and Landscape Architecture.