旅游精准扶贫效应及其影响因素消解——基于山西省左权县的案例分析

Analysis On the Effect of Pro-Poor Tourism and Its Influencing Factors:Zuoquan County in Shanxi Province as an Examphe

运用灰色关联度分析法,分析了旅游业发展对区域经济发展的效应。并从正反两方面分析了旅游扶贫对当地社会、生态和居民的综合效应。结果表明:旅游业对区域经济增长的贡献大,但与区域GDP及三次产业关联度低,旅游漏损较严重,存在旅游飞地的风险;旅游开发具有改善贫困地区的基本生存条件、增加开放度、优化生态环境的正效应,但也存在冲击淳朴民风、破坏乡村风貌的负效应;旅游开发使贫困地区人口获得收益,提高生存和发展能力。从归纳分析得到,影响旅游扶贫开发效应的因素主要有资源禀赋、产业基础和政策环境。贫困地区旅游开发要坚持政府扶持和引导的发展战略,加强产业融合和产业链本地化,构建基于贫困人口的利益共享机制。

The authors analyze the effects of Pro - Poor Tourismon on regional economic development by gray re- lational analysis （GRA）. In this paper, the comprehensive effect of tourism poverty reduction the local society, ecology and population is analyzed. The study shows that tourism has great contribution to regional economic growth, but with a low regional degree with GDP and other industries, and more leakages. There is a big risk on appearing ＂enclave tourism＂. Tourism development can improve the basic living conditions of poor area, increase the degree of openness, optimize the ecological environment, but also can impact simple folk custom and destruct the rural landscape; Tourism development benefits the poor region＇s population and improve their ability to survive and develop. From the inductive analysis, the main factors that affect the Pro - Poor Tourism are resource endowment, industry foundation and policy environment. The development of tourism in poor areas should adhere to the strategy of governmental support and guidance, strengthen the integration of industry and the localization of the industrial chain, and build up the benefit sharing mechanism which based on the poor.