汽车内饰用阻燃涤纶针刺非织造材料工艺研究

Research on the Technique of Flame-retardant Polyester Needle-punched Nonwovens for Automotive Interior

为获得高性能、环保的汽车内饰用阻燃涤纶针刺非织造材料,将普通涤纶纤维和阻燃涤纶纤维通过不同质量比杂乱共混、梳理、垂直交叉成网,并采用不同针刺工艺制备获得了多规格的阻燃涤纶针刺非织造材料,系统研究了针刺工艺中针刺道数、针刺频率和步进量对涤纶针刺非织造材料的力学性能(顶破强力和拉伸强力)的影响。结果表明:当阻燃涤纶纤维的质量比为15%时,针刺非织造材料的极限氧指数(LOI)能够满足汽车内饰材料材料的阻燃性能要求;阻燃涤纶针刺布的顶破强力随着针刺道数的增加而下降,但随着针刺频率和步进量的增加而呈现先增加后减少的趋势;阻燃涤纶针刺布的拉伸强力随着针刺道数的增加逐渐而下降,但随着针刺频率和步进量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,通过工艺参数对针刺布力学性能影响的分析,选出最佳工艺参数:针刺道数为正反1道,针刺频率为200刺/min,针刺步进量为4 mm。

In order to obtain the flame - retardant polyester needle - punched nonwovens for automotive interior with the characteristic of high performance and environmental, the different mass ratios of ordinary polyester fiber and the flame - retardant polyester fiber were disorderly mixed, combed and vertically crossed to form a net, and the multi specification flame - retardant polyester needle - punched nonwoven fabric were prepared by different needling process, the effects of needling number, the needling frequency and step quantity on the mechanical properties （ bursting and tensile strength） of polyester needle - punched nonwovens were also systematically studied. The results showed that the ultimate oxygen index （ LOI ） of needle punched nonwovens could satisfy with the requirement of the flame - retardant performance of automotive interior materials when the mass ratio of flame retardant polyester fiber is 15% ; the bursting strength of the flame - retardant polyester needle - punched fabric decreased with the number of needling lanes increased, but it was firstly increased and then decreased as the increase of the needle frequency and step quantity; the tensile strength of the flame - retardant polyester needle - punched fabric gradually decreased with the number of needling lanes increased, however, the trend was firstly ascended and then descended as the increase of the needle frequency and step quantity. Through the analysis of the influence of technological parameters on the mechanical properties of needle - punched fabric, the optimum technological parameters were selected ： the number of needling lanes was 1 positive and negative channels, the needling frequency was 200 needling/min, and the needling step quantity was 4 mm.