视黄酸在实验性近视发生中作用的研究进展

Research progress of retinoic acid in experimental myopia

近视是一种常见的导致视力障碍的眼科疾病，其患病率逐年升高，而目前临床上尚无有效的根治手段，原因在于近视的发病机制尚不明确。目前与近视发生相关的因子很多，如多巴胺、视黄酸、胰高血糖素及ZENK（Zif269、EGR-1、NGFI—A或Krox-24）等。视黄酸是维生素A的衍生物，是视网膜光感受器细胞中视蛋白结合物视黄醛的最终代谢产物。许多研究表明视网膜与脉络膜中的视黄酸在近视发生中起到重要作用，可以调节近视相关的多种因子的作用，如转化生长因子-β、糖胺聚糖、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMP）-2等。本文基于眼内视黄酸的产生、代谢及作用，就视黄酸在形觉剥夺、光学离焦及色光诱导性近视等3种实验性近视发生中的作用做一综述，以期对今后的近视机制研究带来一些启发。

Myopia is one of the most common ocular problems, which causes visual dysfunction. The prevalence of myopia is increasing, while the prevention and treatment have made no breakthrough because the pathogenesis and mechanism of myopia remains unclear. Certain kinds of molecules were reported to play a role in myopia, such as dopamine, retinoic acid, glueagon, ZENK（ Zif269 ,EGR-1 ,NGFI-A or Krox-24）etc. As a derivative of vitamin A,retinoic acid is the final metabolite of retinaldehyde,which combines to opsin in the photoreceptor cells on retina. Previous studies demonstrated that retinoic acid from cboroid and retina plays significant roles in the development of myopia, which affects different molecules related to myopia development, including transforming growth factor-J3 ,glycosaminoglycan, matrix metalloproteinase （MMP）-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase （TIMP）-2. Based on the synthesis, mechanism and effects of the rctinoic acid in the eye,this paper describes the new progress of retinoic acid in experimental myopia,including form deprivation myopia, defocus induced myopia and monochromatic myopia, hence offers new clues for the research on the mechanism of myopia.