植物水提液和拮抗菌对香蕉枯萎病及土壤微生物的影响

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Some Plants and Antifungal Strains on Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease and Soil Microorganisms

【目的】探讨2种菊科植物全株水提液和2株拮抗菌对香蕉枯萎病及土壤微生物的影响,为香蕉枯萎病的防治措施提供参考依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验法测定了向日葵(Helianthus annuus)、油麦菜(Lactuca sativa var.longifoliaf Lam.)根茎叶水提液及洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia,TY)和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,DF)对香蕉枯萎病的防效及土壤中香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race4,Foc4)、普通真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量变化。【结果】向日葵、油麦菜、TY和DF处理均能降低香蕉枯萎病病情指数、减轻植株的受害程度,有一定的防病效果,其中向日葵、油麦菜处理防病效果较好(分别为39.02%和34.18%)。与对照(CK)相比,4种处理均能显著提高土壤中细菌数量,减少放线菌、Foc4和普通真菌数量,且均达显著性水平。相关性分析发现,防病效果与土壤中Foc4及普通真菌呈显著正相关,与细菌及放线菌则呈显著负相关。【结论】向日葵、油麦菜全株水提液及拮抗菌TY和DF均有利于改善土壤微生物结构,减轻和延缓香蕉枯萎病的发生为害,其中向日葵、油麦菜全株水提液对香蕉枯萎病的防控作用及土壤微生物的影响相对明显。

[ Objective ] The present experiment was conducted to investigate effects of two antifungal strains, whole plant aqueous extracts from two Asteraceae plants on banana fusarium wilt disease and soil microorganisms, in order to provide references for the control of banana fusarium wilt disease. [ Method] Based on the pot trial, effects of two antifungal strains Burkholderia cepacia （TY） and Bacillus amylolique- fac/ens （DF）, whole plant aqueous extracts from Helianthus annuus and Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf Lain. on banana fusarium wilt dis- ease, Fusarium oxysporum L sp. cubense race4 （ Foe4）, common fungus, bacterium and actinomyee population were determined and ana- lysed. [ Result] Banana disease severity and disease index of different treatments were reduced to some extent by applying antifungal strains TY and DF, whole plant aqueous extracts from H. annuus and L. sativa var. longifoliaf. Furthermore, H. annuus and L. sativa var. longi- foliaf had the better effect on control of banana fusairum wilt disease in pot, with the 39.02 % and 34.18 % efficacy, respectively. Com- pared to the control （CK） , four treatments could remarkable increase the number of bacteria, reduce the number of actinomyeetes, Foe4 and common fungi in soil. Based on the correlation analysis, the disease-control effect was significantly positively correlated with the number of both Foc4 and normal fungi in soil, but significantly negatively with the number of bacteria and aetinomycetes in soil. [ Conclusion ] Applica- tion of antifungal strains TY and DF, whole plant aqueous extracts from H. annuus and L. sativa var. longifoliaf at banana vegetable period could improve soil microorganism structure, reduce or delay banana fusarium wilt disease occurrence, among which effects of whole plant aqueans extracts from H. annuus and L. sativa var. longifoliaf on banana fusarium wilt disease and soil microorganisms are greater than those of antifungal strains TY and DF.