烟草青枯病发生流行气象因素分析及土壤调理防控技术

Analysis of Meteorological Epidemic Factors and Soil Improvement Controlling Technology with Tobacco Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacarum)

【目的】分析高黎贡山绿色生态优质烟叶生产示范区烟草青枯病发生流行的气象因素,研究不同土壤调理剂对烟草青枯病的防治效果,以指导病害的有效防控。【方法】于2012、2103和2014年烟草生长时期内,选择烟草青枯病历年发生的地块,定期调查病害的发病情况,计算病情指数。根据气象数据,计算调查间隔10 d内有效积温和降雨量,分析气象因素与病情指数之间的关系。考察壮根丰、腐殖酸和石灰等3种土壤调理剂对烟草青枯病的防控效果。【结果】气象因素分析结果表明,田间病情指数的增长与10 d内有效积温和降雨量成正相关,10 d内有效积温和降雨量的变化曲线反映了田间烟草青枯病病情指数的变化趋势。施用壮根丰、腐殖酸和石灰等3种土壤调理剂后,p H值分别提高为0.57、0.50和0.72,对烟草青枯病的平均防控效果分别为60.74%~62.18%、53.05%~59.53%和48.59%~58.53%。【结论】根据10 d内有效积温和降雨量的趋势制定防治措施,对把握病害的发生、发展和流行以及病害的预测预报具有指导意义。通过土壤调理剂的使用,可形成有利于烤烟生长的土壤条件和不利于病害生存的环境,从而达到控制病害的目的,是防治烟草青枯病有效的辅助手段。

[ Objective] In order to effectively control the tobacco bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacarum,meteorological epi- demic factors and soil conditioner controlling strategies were studied. [ Method] The plots with tobacco bacterial wilt occurred over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012, 2103 and 2014, respectively. 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data. The relationship between meteorological factors and the disease index was analyzed. The controlling effect of three kinds of soil conditioner ＇ Zhuanggenfeng＇ , humic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [ Result ] The meteorological factors analysis results showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to the disease index. The change curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of the disease index. The pH increasing values were 0.57,0.50 and 0.72 respectively after applying ＇ Zhuanggenfeng＇ , humic acid and lime, the controlling effect were 60.74 % -62.18 %, 53.05 % -59.53 %, 48.59 % -58.53 %, respectively. [Con- clusion] 10 days effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controlling. The usage of soil conditioner had a certain controlling effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease which was an auxiliary method on the disease.