颈部肿大淋巴结的超声诊断

Ultrasound diagnosis of enlarged cervical lymph nodes

超声技术在颈部肿大淋巴结的诊断中应用广泛,其不同的技术均存在优点与不足。常规二维超声能直观提供淋巴结形态及结构信息,但不具有特异性。多普勒超声能显示淋巴结血供状态,但受角度及血管内径影响。弹性成像技术能提示淋巴结硬度信息,但受操作医师手部施压力及主观感觉影响大。超声造影无创直观,但费用较高。超声引导下经皮穿刺活检能提供病理诊断,但微创手术仍存在风险。本文拟对不同超声技术在诊断颈部肿大淋巴结中的进展作一综述,以利于未来选择最为合适的超声技术。

In recent years, the ultrasonic technology is more and more widely applied in the assessment of enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and it has both advantages and disadvantages. The conventional two-dimensional ultrasound can provide the morphological and structural information of lymph nodes directly, but it is not specific. Doppler ultrasound can show the blood supply status of lymph nodes, but it is affected by the angle and the vascular diameter. Ultrasonic Elastography （UE） can provide the hardness informa- tion of lymph nodes, but it is greatly affected by the pressure of the surgeon＇ hands and the subjective sensation. Contrast-en- hanced ultrasound （CEUS） is non-invasive and intuitive, but the cost is high. Uhrasound-guided percutaneous Core-needle Biop- sy（ US-PCNB）can provide pathological diagnosis, but there are still risks in minimally invasive surgery. This review summarizes the research progress of various uhrasonic techniques assessing the enlarged cervical lymph nodes, which helps to enable to choose the most suitable ultrasound technology in the future.