自然与正义——论阿那克西曼德对自然的探究

Nature and Justice:On Anaximander's Inquiry of Nature

在古希腊,哲人就是探究自然的人,最早的哲人关注宇宙学。阿那克西曼德将阿派朗视为万物的始基,并以此为基础描述了他所理解的正义的宇宙。在阿那克西曼德看来,神是阿派朗而非宙斯,因此,哲人对自然的理性探究的要害在于否定城邦的神,颠覆民众生活的根基,从而与城邦形成紧张关系。如果哲人想要在城邦的共同生活中拥有一席之地,那么就必须具备审慎的美德,懂得哲学的限度。

In Ancient Greece, philosophers are those who explore the nature and the earliest ones focus on cosmology. Regarding Apeiron as the root of all beings, Anaximander depicts the justice cosmology in his understanding. In his view, God is Apeiron rather than Zeus, and therefore the key in philosophers＇ inquiry of natural reason lies in denial of gods for the polis and overturn of the root that the populace lives to cause a tension with the polis. If philosophers would like to take a root in the common living of the polls, they have to acquire a virtue of prudence and know the limit of philosophy.