从“英格兰”到“新英格兰”——美国文化传统的人文性考察

From England to New England:A Humanistic Investigation into Cultural Tradition of United States

从变异理论的角度出发讨论美国文化与欧洲文化之间的关系。美国精神的建构过程,在某种意义上,就是北美地区清教文化的接受过程。美国清教文化反映出"现实主义""个体本位""禁欲主义"特质,是美国在拓荒时期、独立革命时期具体语境所选择的结果。在人文性的角度上,美国文化与欧洲文化一脉相承。在变异观的基础上,建立了"变异—接受"的文化演变模型。

The relationship between American culture and European culture is discussed from the perspective of Variation Theory. The construction process of American spirit is, in a sense, the reception of Puritan culture in North America. ＂Realism＂, ＂individualism＂ and ＂asceticism＂ are three essential characteristics of American Puritanism, which result from the selection of specific situations during the period of American frontier and War of Independence. In terms of humanistic perspective, America culture is the direct successor of European culture. A ＂variation-reception＂ model of cultural evolution is established on the basis of Variation Theory.