外环境甲型H7N9流感病毒的消毒及效果评估

Disinfection and effect evaluation of influenza A(H7N9) in external environment

目的探讨外环境中甲型H7N9流感病毒的消毒措施及效果评估,为甲型H7N9流感防控提供依据。方法采用RT-PCR法,对杭州市富阳区2014年的203份活禽流通外环境标本进行H7N9病毒核酸检测;按初步消毒、彻底清洁、终末消毒的步骤进行暴露点消毒处理,以消毒前后自然菌杀灭率≥90.0%为主要评判依据进行清洁效果评价;以大肠菌群和H7N9病毒核酸检测为辅助评判依据。结果 203份外环境标本甲型H7N9流感病毒核酸阳性率为30.0%,其中阳性病例相关家禽圈养点阳性率最高,为61.1%,城乡活禽市场阳性率次之,为51.9%;首次终末消毒后用自然菌杀灭合格率评价消毒效果,禽舍地面合格率未达到90.0%,禽笼具合格率未达100.0%。增强2个点位终末消毒、改进处置方式后结合清洁效果评价和大肠菌群杀灭率进行评估,证实消毒措施调整有效,消毒效果评价合格。结论甲型H7N9流感的外环境消毒应采用初步消毒、彻底清洁、终末消毒的处理步骤;消毒效果评价以消毒前后自然菌的杀灭率≥90.0%为主要评判依据,结合清洁效果评价、大肠菌群杀灭率和H7N9病毒核酸阴转率为辅助评判依据的综合评定法科学且实用。

Objective To discuss the disinfection measures and effect evaluation of influenza A （H7N9）, so as to provide laboratory basis for the prevention and control of influenza A （ H7N9 ）. Methods RT - PCR assay was used to detect influ- enza A （H7N9） virus nucleic acid in 203 samples of live poultry circulation in Fuyang district,according to the preliminary disinfection, cleaning and terminal disinfection procedures for exposure point after disinfection, with more than 90% of natu- ral bacteria killing rate before and after disinfection as the main basis for evaluation, based on the evaluation of cleaning effect,the detection of coliform bacteria and influenza A （ H7N9 ） virus nucleic acid as auxiliary criterion. Results The positive rate of 203 environmental specimens influenza A （H7N9）virus nucleic acid was 30% , and that of the positive cases related poultry collection point were the highest （61. 1% ）, that of the urban and rural poultry market was secondary （51.9% ） ;After the first terminal disinfection, we found that the qualified rate of fowlery ground was less than 90% for se- lection qualified rate of natural bacteria to evaluate effect of disinfection, that of bird cage less than 100%. Increasing the terminal disinfection measures of the two positions and improving the treatment methods, combined with the evaluation of cleaning effect and the killing rate of coliform bacteria,confirmed that the disinfection measures were adjusted and the effect evaluation was qualified Conclusion The disinfection of the external environment of influenza A（ H7N9 ） should be treated by the steps of preliminary disinfection, thorough cleaning and the final disinfection. As the main basis for evaluation, disin- fection effect evaluation before and after disinfection of natural bacteria killing rate is more than 90%. Comprehensive evalu- ation method combined with the cleaning effect evaluation ,coliform bacteria killing rate and influenza A （H7N9）virus nu- cleic acid negative rate is scientific and practical for aided judgement of evaluation.