非离子氨对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)个体和种群生长发育及繁殖的影响

Effect of Non-ionic Ammonia on Growth, Development and Propagation of Individual and Population of Brachionus plicatilis

褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)因繁殖速度快,易培养,可用来检测工业污染排放、农业和生活污水排放等引起的水体氨氮污染。通过对褶皱臂尾轮虫进行不同非离子氨浓度处理,研究氨氮污染对褶皱臂尾轮虫个体生长发育、繁殖以及种群生长的影响。同时,检测了不同时间处理后,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)在细胞内的活性。结果表明,低浓度非离子氨处理对褶皱臂尾轮虫的寿命影响不大,当海水中非离子氨浓度达到0.01‰时,褶皱臂尾轮虫的寿命和生育总量显著降低,生育总量的降低原因可能与褶皱臂尾轮虫在生育期未结束即发生死亡有关。同时,种群试验表明,高浓度处理组褶皱臂尾轮虫的环境最大容纳量降低,雄性褶皱臂尾轮虫产生的时间提前。通过检测褶皱臂尾轮虫受非离子氨胁迫后SOD和GST在细胞内的活性检测发现,高浓度非离子氨降低了褶皱臂尾轮虫体内2种抗氧化保护酶类的活性,依据衰老的自由基学说可知,随着有机体自由基的增加,有机体的衰老变化加速,推测为褶皱臂尾轮虫个体寿命缩短的原因之一。该试验不仅从个体水平,而且从宏观种群水平揭示了高浓度非离子氨对褶皱臂尾轮虫生长繁殖的影响,并从细胞内层面分析了产生该现象的可能原因,为非离子氨污染对海洋浮游生物的不良影响提供了有利证据。

Brachionus plicatilis is frequently used in detection of water ammonia-nitrogen pollution produced by industrial pollutant discharge as well as agricultural and domestic sewage discharge due to its rapid propagation and easiness of culture in vitro. This study was conducted to assess the effect of ammonia-nitrogen pollution on growth, development and propagation of individual and population of Brachionus plicatilis. Brachionus plicatilis was received the treatment with different concentration of non-ionic ammonia, and the intracellular activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） was determined at the different time-points of treatment. The results showed that low concentration of non-ionic ammonia had no obvious effect on longevity of Brachionus plicatilis; when the concentration of non-ionic ammonia in seawater reached up to 0.01‰ ,the longevity and total fertility of Brachionus plicatilis was significantly reduced; the decrease of the total fertility was probably associated with the presence of death in the growth period. The population experiment results showed that the maximum environmental carrying capacity of the Brachionus plicatilis treated with high concentration of non-ionic ammonia was reduced, and the male Brachionus plicatilis appeared earlier. The high concentration of non-ionic ammonia reduced the activity of the two anti-oxygen protective enzymes of SOD and GST; the increase of free radicals and the decrease of anti-oxygen activity accelerate the aging of Brachionus plicatilis, which was speculatively considered as one of the reasons associated with the longevity shortening of Brachionus plicatilis individual. The results obtained in this study reveal the inhibitory effect of high concentration of non-ionic ammonia on growth and propagation of Brachionus plicatilis at both individual and population level. Furthermore, the underling mechanisms were assessed at the cellular level, which provides favorable evidence for confirming the adverse effects of non-ionic ammonia pollution on marine plankton.