金融消费者概念的应然与实然:从体系解释到实证研究——以2012—2016年57份判决书为例

The Ought-to-be and Should-be of Constructing Financial Consumer Protection System for the Dogmatics of Law——Empirical Study on 57 Verdicts from 2012 to 2016

金融消费者保护是学界与实务界关注的焦点,理论界以金融消费者识别为中心构建整个保护体系,试图通过"消费者"属概念体系界定"金融消费者",并对解释过程中可能出现的问题进行再次的应对,然而"消费者"概念本身不足以承担种概念的内涵:在讨论范畴、关注焦点等方面与实务界存在错位,"消费者"概念的模糊之处被体系解释放大,实践中存在争议。理论的模糊使实际诉讼引用金融消费者说理的数量稀少、案件类型单一、各地裁判不一致。基于金融立法对实践强烈的依赖性,不妨优先类型化某一行为及其救济措施,以行为评级为核心,对主体的行为进行针对性保护。

Financial consumers protection is the focus of the academic and business circle. The theorists constucts a protection system centered around the recognition of financial consumers and tries to define ＂financial consumers＂ through the system of ＂consumers＂. And they corresopnd to the possibly occurring problems in the process of explana- tion. however, the definiton of ＂consumers＂ can＇t fully shoulder the connotation of this definition. In terms of discus- sion sscope and focus, it is asymmetric with the business circle. The ambiguity of ＂consumers＂ is explained larger by the system, which arouses controversy in practice. The theoretical ambiguity causes the fewer number of actual litiga- tions in quoting financial consumers＇ rational, single case types and different local verdicts. Based on the reliance of fi- nancial legislation on practice, it is best to first typize a specific behavior and its relevant relief measure. With the be- havior rating as the core, targeted protection shuld be given to subjects＇ behavior.